ASSESSMENT OF INTELLIGENCE

Presented by: Keesiah Joy N. Moran

 WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE?

Various definition of intelligence emphasized at least one of the following

components:
1. Origin inherited, learned, or both
2. Structure traits, facets, or components
3. Function purpose, usually to aid in adjustment or survival

In a broad sense, intelligence is a human-contrieved construct used to

explain one's abilities to reason through and solve problems or dilemmas of
importance to human adaptation.
 WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE TESTING?

is undertaken to estimate a clients ability to comprehend

and express verbal information;
to solve problems through verbal and nonverbal means;
to learn remember information;
and assess information processing efficiency
Nature and Theories of intelligence
 HISTORICAL CONCEPTUALIZATIONS OF INTELLIGENCE

Sir Francis Galton and James Mckeen Cattell

Both believed in the importance of sensory
acuities and capabilities as indications of intellectual
prowess, because all information about the external world
(and thus, all potential learning) entered through the
senses.
 ALFRED BINET

Defined intelligence as the tendency to take and

maintain the definite direction; the capacity to
make adaptions for the purpose of attaining, a
desired end.
 DAVID WECHSLER
Defined intelligence as the aggregate or global capacity
of the individual to act purposely, to think rationally and
to deal effectively with his environment.
Acknowledge a general factor (g) composed of
multiple components
 JEAN PIAGET
Believe that the function of intelligence was to help humans
adapt to the environment.
To Piaget, learning was a consequence of an individual
interacting with the environment and encountering dilemmas
that required mastery through a reorganization of thought.
Schemata- the organize structures.
 2 METHODS

Assimilation process by which individuals make sense

of new information in terms of a structure process that
already exists.
Accommodation process by which individuals make
sense of new information by changing the existing
structure or process, thus creating a new one.
 4 STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT

1.Sensorimotor Stage
2. Pre-Operational Stage
3. Concrete Operational Stage
4. Formal Operational Stage
 CHARLES SPEARMAN

Proposed a theory of intelligence referred to as a two-

factor theory that a general factor (g) stands at the
center of ones cognitive capacity.
Became convinced that all measures of intelligence were
simply facets related to the general intelligence factor
(g)
 LOUIS L. THURSTONE

Proposed that a collection of mostly

independent primary abilities underlay
intelligence.
Developed the Primary Mental Abilities
intelligence test
THURSTONE'S 7 PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES
 RAYMOND CATTELL AND JOHN HORN

Raymond Cattell proposed that intellectual

abilities could be divided into two broad
categories or second-order factor and later on
expanded by John Horn
Fluid Abilities (Gf) primarily inherited
Crystallized Abilities (Gc) primarily learned
FACTORS OF HORN-CATTELL MODEL
 J.P. GUILFORD
Also used factor analysis.
Proposed a theory in which three dimensions gave rise to
approximately 180 unique specific factors.
3 Dimensions
1.Mental operations
2.Contents
3.Products
GUILFORD'S STRUCTURE-OF-INTELLECT-MODEL
 PHILIP E. VERNON AND HUMPHREY

Vernon suggested a model of intelligence that in some ways is a

compromise between the divergent theories proposed by Spearman and
Thurstone. He agreed that g underlay all facets of intelligence but
noticed that certain clusters of various types of intelligence were too
high to conclude that g was the only factor accounting for all
the relationship.
He proposed that two-second order factors comprised g.
HIERARCHICAL ABILITY MODEL
ROBERT STENBERG
 A. COMPONENTIAL SUBTHEORY

allow people to plan purposeful activities, self-monitor the

A.1. Metacomponents
implementation of these plans, and self-evaluate the effectiveness of the
implementation
Executive functioning- higher level of cognitive processes
Very Intelligent Person big picture
Less Intelligent- little picture
A.2. Performance components allows people to process diverse information
Information retrieval, encoding, or comparing
A.3. Knowledge Acquisition-capacity to select information relevant to the given problem,
leading to insights, connection, and eventually new learning.
 B. EXPERIENTIAL SUBTHEORY

-Views intelligence as an interplay of experience and

information processing.
Automaticity- ability to quickly learn an information,
processes, and procedures.
 C. CONTEXTUAL SUBTHEORY

Involves adaptability in the external world, the

context for pragmatic decision making that allows
human to shape adapt, and select environments in
which to thrive.
 HOWARD GARDNER
Rejected the idea of g and identified eight distinct
intelligence that aid in an individuals adaption to the
environment.
Gardner does not dispute the importance of genetics, he clearly
points out that intelligence stems from an interaction between
heredity and environment.
HOWARDS MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE
End