Learning Theories

Behaviorism, Cognitivism/Social
Cognitivism, Humanism, Constructivism,
Brain-based learning
 Behaviorism

Learning is a change in the method or
frequency of a behavior due to some
interaction with the external environment
Ivan Pavlov known for classical conditioning
with his dog experiment
Edward Thorndike known for connectionism
B.F. Skinner founded the theory of operant
conditioning
 Behaviorism

Teaching Methods
Guided practice
Lecture without discussion
Programmed learning and instruction
Repetition
Skill exercises
 Cognitivism

Learning is a semi-permanent change in
mental processes/associations
Black box inner mental learning
External environment not utilized
Jerome Bruner proposed Cognitive Growth
Theory
Robert Gagne focused more on memory
through the Information Processing Theory
 Social Cognitivism

An expansion of Cognitivism that includes the
concept of social-cultural cognition
Knowledge can be acquired by means of
observation during social gatherings
Lev Vygotsky
Albert Bandura
Social Learning Theory
 Social Cognitivism

Teaching methods
Demonstration/return demonstration
Observational learning
Role modeling
scaffolding
 Humanism

Emphasizes both cognitive and affective
learning styles
Abraham Maslow: Father of Humanistic
Psychology
Hierarchy of Needs theory
All human actions are based on goal attainment
Carl Rogers expanded upon Maslow
In order for people to grow, they need an
environment that provides genuineness,
acceptance, and empathy
 Constructivism

Learning is an active, contextualized process of
constructing knowledge through experiencing
and reflecting upon it rather than acquiring it
John Dewey
Emphasis on meaningful activity in learning and
participation in class
Jean Piaget
Learning is a developmental process
David Kolb & Roger Fry
developed the Experimental Learning Model:
 Constructivism

Teaching Methods
Case studies
Class discussions and debates
Cooperative learning
Field trips
Guided experiments
Peer tutoring
Problem-based learning
Research projects
stimulation
Brain-Based Learning

Active engagement of purposeful strategies
based on principles derived from what we
know of the brain
Bridges research and education
Learning literally changes our brain
 Brain-Based learning

Teaching methods
Pre-expose the learners to content and context a
week prior
Teach less content and educate more in depth on
important concepts
Provide frequent, nonjudgmental feedback
Engage students socially and physically
Empower learners by providing choices
Set high standards
Encourage peer support
Celebrate success
References

Oermann, M. H. (2015).Teaching in nursing
and role of the educator: the complete guide
to best practice in teaching, evaluation, and
curriculum development. New York, NY:
Springer Publishing Company, LLC.