KATUP JANTUNG

MEMPERTAHANKAN ALIRAN DGN

SATU ARAH TETAP
MEMBUKA/MENUTUP=> PASIF

TEKANAN
PERUBAHAN ISI
 KATUP AV
MITRAL => KIRI
TRIKUSPIDAL => KANAN
SANGAT HALUS, KUAT DAN TAHAN
LAMA
DAUN KATUP DISOKONG KORDA
TENDINEA (M.PAPILLARIS) => RUSAK
==>REGURGITASI
VENOUS RETURN (-)
 KATUP SEMILUNARIS
MENYERUPAI CORONG
3 DAUN KATUP SIMETRIS
AORTA => KIRI ==> 3 PENONJOLAN
DINDING AORTA (SINUS VALSAVA
BERFUNGSI MUARA KORONARIA => DARI
SUMBATAN OLEH DAUN KATUP AORTA.
PULMONAL => KANAN
VR (+)
 BUNYI JANTUNG(BJ)
BUNYI JANTUNG I:
= LUB, RENDAH SEDIKIT LEMAH
= PENUTUPAN KATUP A-V
= 0.15, FREK: 24-45 Hz
= LEMAH => VENT LAMBAT TERISI
= AWAL SISTOL
PEMERIKSAAN KATUP-KATUP
JANTUNG
 BUNYI JANTUNG II:
= DUP, LBH PENDEK & NYARING
= PENUTUP KATUP SEMILUNAR
= 0.12, FREK: 50 Hz
= INTERVAL PENUTUPAN KATUP Ao DAN
Pul SELAMA INSP PJG ==> SPLITING
FISIOLOGI
= AKHIR SISTOL
 BUNYI JANTUNG III:
=LEMAH, RENDAH
1/3 JALAN DIASTOL, ORG MUDA
= O.1
= PENGISIAN CEPAT VENT =>
GETARAN OLEH DESAKAN DARAH
 BUNYI JANTUNG IV:
= DI DENGAR SBLM BUNYI I
= PENGISIAN CEPAT VENTRIKEL
= JARANG DI DENGAR DEWASA
NORMAL
= HIPERTROFI VENTRIKEL
 BISING
(DESAH,MURMUR)
KATUP ABNORMAL DESAH

AP STENOSIS SISTOL

INSUFISIENSI DIASTOL

STENOSIS DIASTOL
AV
INSUFISIENSI SISTOL
 Causes of mitral stenosis
Type Comments
Rheumatic Most common. Narrowing results from
fusion and thickening of the
commisures, cusps, and chordae.
Symptoms usually develop 20 years
after acute rheumatic fever
Calcific Usually causes mitral regurgitation but
can cause mitral stenosis in some
cases.
Congenital Usually presents during infancy or
childhood
Collagen-vascular Systemic lupus erythematosus and
disease rheumatoid arthritis (rare)
Causes of Type Causes
mitral Acute
regurgitation Ruptured chordae Infective endocarditis
Trauma
Acute rheumatic fever
Spontaneous
Ruptured or dysfunctional papillary muscles Ischemia
Myocardial infarction
Trauma
Myocardial abscess
Perforated leaflet Infective endocarditis
Trauma
Chronic
Inflammatory Rheumatoid heart disease
Collagen vascular disease
Infection Infective endocarditis
Degenerative Myxomatous degeneration of the valve leaflets
Calcification of the mitral annulus
Rupture or disfunction of the chordae Infective endocarditis
tendineae or papillary muscle Trauma
Acute rheumatic fever
Spontaneous
Ischemia
Myocardial infarction
Myocardial abscess
Congenital Developmental anomalies
 Causes of aortic regurgitation.
Site Pathology Causes Time Course
Valvular Cuso abnormalities Endocarditis Acute or chronic
Rheumatic disease Acute or chronic
Ankylosing spondylitis Usually chronic
Congenital Chronic
Aortic Dilatation Aortic aneurysm Acute or chronic
Heritable disorders of connective tissue Usually chronic
Marfans syndrome
Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
Osteogenesis imperfecta
Inflammation Aortitis (Takayasu) Usually chronic
Syphilis Usually chronic
Arthritic diseases Usually chronic
Ankylosing spondylitis
Reiters syndrome
Rheumatoid arthritis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Cystic medial necrosis Acute or chronic
Tears with loss of Trauma Usually acute
commisural support Dissection, often from hypertension Usually acute
 STENOSIS ==> MENYEMPIT
INSUFISIENSI => INKOMPETEN
 HEART FAILURE
KEMAMPUAN JTG MEMOMPA DARAH
KURANG MEMADAI
DISEBABKAN :
1. KELAINAN JANTUNG
= KARDIOMIOPATI,KATUP,KORONER
2. KERJA MEKANIK JANTUNG
= AFTERLOAD( TAHANAN SISTEMIK)
 3. KELAINAN IRAMA => JATUNG TDK
EFEKTIF MEMOMPA (FIBRILASI)
 CADANGAN JANTUNG
KERJA MAKSIMAL CURAH JTG
DIATAS NORMAL
DEWASA MUDA==> 300-400%
ATLET ==> 500-600%
GAGAL JTG => TIDAK ADA CAD JTG
 EFEK AKUT
DISPNOE
KELELAHAN OTOT => ISKEMI OTOT
FREK JANTUNG NAIK
 Waktu Jtg atlet 50 Jtg rata-rata 75 Perbedaan
denyut/men denyut/men
1 menit 50 75 25

1 jam 3.000 4.500 1.500

1 hari 72.000 108.000 36.000

1 bulan 2.160.000 3.240.000 1.080.000

1 tahun 25.920.000 38.880.000 12.960.000

Seumur hidup 1.866.240.000 2.799.360.000 933.120.000

(72 thn)
 PADA ORG DEWASA RATA2
BERDENYUT SETAHUN: 49 JUTA
RATA2 JANTUNG MEMOMPA DARAH:
4.300 GALON DARAH SE HARI
= MELEWATI 60.000 MIL P.DRH