Basic Electrical Principles and

Components
1

Nimsiri Abhayasinghe
PhD (Curtin), MSc(Moratuwa), BSc Eng (Hons) (Moratuwa)
Head, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering
Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology
 Outlines
2

Basic components of an electrical circuits

Sources
Control elements
Loads/Passive components
Measuring instrument
Multimeters
Oscilloscope
Direct and alternating current and their behavior
Basic Electric Circuits and
Components
3
Electric Components
4
 Key Components of and Electric Circuit
5

An electric circuit needs

a power source
a control element and
a load
Sources: Batteries
6

Unit: Volts
Notation: V
 Other Power Sources
7

Power adapters
Main power
 Control Elements Switches
8

Single pole single throw

Single pole double throw
Double pole single throw
Double pole double throw
 Output Devices / Loads
9

Lamps
Fans/motors
Other loads
 Passive Components
10

Resistors
Capacitors
Inductors
 Resistors
11

Unit: Ohms
Notation:
Fixed resistors
Carbon film resistors
Metal film resistors

Variable Resistors

Thermistor (Thermally sensitive resistor)

NTC
PTC
 Construction of Resistors
12

Carbon/Metal Film
Resistors

Wire Wound Resistors

Variable Resistor
 Resistors
13

Standard resistor values

E3 [1], [2.2], [4.7] and [10] 50% tolerance (no longer used)
E6 [1], [1.5], [2.2], [3.3], [4.7], [6.8], [10] 20% tolerance
E12 [1], [1.2], [1.5], [1.8], [2.2], [2.7], [3.3], [3.9], [4.7], [5.6],
[6.8], [8.2], [10] 10% tolerance
E24 5% tolerance
E48 2% tolerance
E96 1% tolerance
E192 0.5, 0.25, 0.1% and higher tolerances
Resistor Colour Code
14
 Capacitors
15

Symbols:
Unit: Farads
Notation: F
 Capacitors
16

Types:
Tantalum Capacitors

Ceramic Capacitors

Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors

Polystyrene Film Capacitors

 Capacitors
17

Types:
Electric Double Layer Capacitors (Super Capacitors)

Polyester Film Capacitors

Polypropylene Capacitors
 Capacitors
18

Types:
Mica Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors (Electrochemical type capacitors)

Variable Capacitors
Construction of Capacitors
19
Capacitor Values
20

J 5%
K 10%

10 10 pF 10%
4
Capacitor Charging
21
Capacitor Discharging
22
 Inductors
23

Air core
Iron core Unit: Henry Notation: H
Ferrite core
Inductance
24
Inductor Colour Code
25
Summery of Symbols
26
 Electric Circuits
27

Circuit connections
Direct and Alternating Current
28

DC and AC
DC vs AC
29
Voltage Current Relationship of a Resistor: Ohms
Law
30
Series and Parallel Connection of Resistors
31
Voltage Across Each Resistor
32
Current Through Each Resistor
33
AC Circuits
34
Reactance
35
Phasor
36
 Phasor Diagrams
37
Capacitor Inductor
Phasor Diagram of an LCR Series Circuit
38
Impedance
39
Power
40
Power Triangle
41
Power Factor
42
43
Power Factor Correction
44