Purpose of Carburetion

A carburetors primary purpose is to produce a

mixture of air and fuel for different engine
operating conditions.

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 Purpose of Carburetion
Store
Deliver
Filter
Mix air and fuel
Meter air and fuel

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 Idle Speed Screw Idle Mixture screw

Throttle Plate Choke Plate

Float
Pilot Jet
Float Bowl
Main Jet
Pedestal

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Carburetion
Air-fuel
Requirements
Ratio of air to
fuel.
Stoichiometric
ratio of 14.7:1
Example 14.7
lbs of air to 1 lb
of fuel
Fuel ratios
Rich / lean 7
Carburetor Operating Conditions
Cold
Choke / prime
Low speed
Idle
Mid speed
Idle and high speed
Acceleration
Accelerator pump
High speed
Main discharge nozzle

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Carburetion Pressure Differences
Vacuum
Pressure less than atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure
Force of air on a surface at 14.7:1psi

Venturi principle
A restriction in an air passage which causes an
increase in air speed and a decrease in air pressure

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 Carburetion Pressure Differences
Air horn
Air enters at
Atmospheric
pressure

Venturi
High vacuum is
created

Engine side
Low vacuum
created on the
intake stroke 10
 Carburetion
Atomization
Turning a liquid
into little droplets

Vaporization
Turning liquid
droplets into a
vapor or gaseous
state

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 Carburetion
Types of carburetors - air direction
Side draft

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 Carburetion
Types of carburetors - air direction
Up Draft

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 Carburetion
Types of carburetors - air direction
Down draft

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 Carburetor Circuits
Float circuit
To maintain
proper fuel
level

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 Carburetor Circuits
Choke circuit
Provides a
rich air-fuel
mixture for
cold starts

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 Carburetor Circuits
Throttle
Regulates
air fuel
mixture
entering the
cylinders

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 Carburetor Circuits
Idle circuit
Supplies air-
fuel mixture
when the
throttle is
closed for
low speed
operation

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 Carburetor Circuits
High Speed
circuit
Full throttle
Maximum
air fuel
flow to
develop full
speed and
power

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 Carburetor Circuits
Accelerator
circuit
Provides
additional
fuel to
maintain the
air fuel ratio
when the
throttle is
quickly
opened.
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 Carburetor Circuits
Primer circuit
Forces
addition fuel
into the
engine prier
to cold
starting

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Carburetor
Circuits
Diaphragm
uses
atmospheric
pressure and
vacuum to
move fuel into
a chamber of
the carburetor
to be used as
needed
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 Carburetion / Governors

Manual throttle controls

Governor throttle controls
Limit low speed
Limit high speed
Maintain constant speed

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Carburetor / Governor
Air vane governor
Pneumatic
Flywheel air pressure

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 Carburetion / Governors
Centrifugal (mechanical) governor
Rotating mechanical force

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 Carburetion Air Filters
Air cleaner purpose (3)
Filter air to remove dirt
Protect against back fire
Quiet engine operation

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 Carburetion Air Filters
Foam type air cleaners (reusable)

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 Carburetion Air Filters
Paper type air filters (replaceable)

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 Carburetor Adjustments
Before making any adjustments clean and
inspect parts for wear !!
Rough adjustment
Fine adjustment
Idle mixture adjustment
High speed mixture adjustment
Rpm adjustment

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 Carburetor Adjustments
Before making any adjustments clean and
inspect parts for wear !!

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Carburetor Exploded View

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 Running Conditions
Too Rich
Air-fuel mixture with excessive fuel
HC and CO pollution
Exhaust black soot
Too Lean
Air-fuel mixture lacking fuel
CO and NOX pollution
Engine overheating
Just Right
Smooth engine operation
Rapid Acceleration
Low pollution / Clean Exhaust
Normal operating temperature 32
 Carburetion
The purpose of the fuel system is store,
deliver, mix and meter air and fuel for the
engine to function over a variety of
operating conditions.

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