Effects of

Heat Transfer
Applications in Calorimetry
Review of Specific Heat
and Equilibrium
3 Effects of Heat
Transfer
Sensible Effect
Latent Effect
Thermal Expansion
Sensible Effect
- is heat that we can sense
A thermometer can be used to
measure this form of heat.
Specific Heat - is equivalent to the
heat capacity of a unit mass of a
substance or the heat needed to raise
the temperature of one gram (g) of a
substance one degree Celsius.
Review of Specific Heat
An aluminum cup contains 225 g of
water and a 40-g copper stirrer, all at
27C. A 400-g sample of silver at an
initial temperature of 87C is placed in
the water. The stirrer is used to stir the
mixture until it reaches its final
equilibrium temperature of 32C.
Calculate the mass of the aluminum
cup.
 cal/gCO cal/g/CO
Substance Substance
Water (0 oC to 1.000 Aluminum 0.215
100 oC)
Methyl Alcohol 0.609 Marble 0.205
Ice (-10 oC to 0 0.500 Glass (typical) 0.200
o
C)
Steam (100 0.480 Iron/Steel 0.118
o
C)
Oil 0.478 Copper 0.093
Benzene 0.418 Silver 0.0564
Wood (typical) 0.400 Mercury 0.0330
Soil (typical) 0.250 Gold 0.0310
Air (50 oC) 0.250 Lead 0.0305
 Data:
225 g of water (c = 1 cal/gC0) at 270C
X mass of aluminum (c = 0.215 cal/gC 0)
at 270C
40 g of copper (c = 0.093 cal/gC 0) at 270C
400 g of silver (c = 0.0564 cal/gC 0) at
870C

Tf = final temperature at 320C

 225 g of water (c = 1 cal/gC0) at 270C
X mass of aluminum (c = 0.215 cal/gC0) at 270C
40 g of copper (c = 0.093 cal/gC0) at 270C
400 g of silver (c = 0.0564 cal/gC0) at 870C

Tf = final temperature at 320C

Latent Effect
LatentHeat - is the
energy needed to
change the phase
of a substance.
This same energy is
released from the
substance when the
change of phase is
reversed.
Matter exists in 5 states:
Change of State
We will only consider 3
Solid
Liquid
Gas Consider
water:
fusion (at vaporization
melting point) (takes place at
boiling point)

ice water steam

solidification condensation
at freezing point at boiling
point
 sublimation

fusion vaporization

solidification condensation
ice liquid water steam

deposition
Latent Heat
Latent heat is the heat released or absorbed by
a body during a process that occurs without a
change in temperature.

Two of the more common forms of latent heat

encountered are
latent heat of fusion (melting or freezing)
and latent heat of vaporization (boiling or condensing
).
describes the direction of energy flow when changing from
one phase to the next

Q = mLf for latent Heat of fusion

Q = mLv for latent Heat of vaporization
 Phase Change Example
Heatis added to 0.5 kg of water at 20 C.
How many calories of heat energy are
required to change the water to steam at
110 C?

Q = Heat
(follow the steps of phase change)
Heating to boiling point
Boiling
Heating of vapor
 Phase Change Example
Heatis added to 0.5 kg of water at 20 C.
How many joules of heat energy are required
to change the water to steam at 110 C?

First Step
Heat has to be added to the water to raise its
temperature from 20 C to the boiling point 100 C.

Q m c T 500 g 1
cal
g C 0
100 o
C 20 o
C
Q 500 g 1
cal
g C 0

80C 40,000cal
o
 Phase Change Example
Heat has to be added to vaporize all of the water that
is at 100 C. cal
Q m Lv 500 g 540
g
Q 270,000 cal
Heat has to be added to raise the temperature of
all of the steam from 100 C to 110 C.
Q m c T 500 g 0.50
cal
g C o
110 o
C 100 o
C
Q 500 g 0.50
cal
g C o
10C o

2500cal
Total heat energy: 40,000 + 270,000 + 2500 =
312,500 cal
 Phase Change Example
Heatis added to 1 g of ice at -10 C. How
many calories of heat energy are required to
change the ice to steam at 120 C?

******Remember that latent heat only happens at

specifictemperatures (melting and boiling point)**************

Q = Heat transfer(steps)
Heating to melting point
Melting (fusion)
Heating to boiling point
Boiling (evaporation)
Heating of vapor