SISTEM KARDIOVASKULER
Coronary Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Circulation of blood within the heart muscle by
the coronary arteries.
Coronary arteries branch off of the aorta,
which is
the largest artery in the body
2. A.coronaria dextra
r. descendens
post.
r. marginalis
otot jantung
kanan + kiri
Two circulatory paths
Systemic
Pulmonary
Double Circulation System
Blood is first pumped by
the heart to the lungs,
where it collects oxygen
while simultaneously
releasing carbon dioxide.
Then the oxygenated
blood is returns to the
heart.
The heart pumps this
oxygenated blood all
around the body.
5
Double Circulation System /
Human Two-Circuit
Circulation
1. Pulmonary Circuit:
heart to lungs back to heart
2. Systemic Circuit:
heart to tissues of the body back to
heart
6
Double Circulation System
Systemic Pulmonary
Circuit
Circuit
Pumps to
Pumps to
the head,
the lungs
trunk and
and back
limbs and
to the
back to
heart
the heart
7
Advantages of a Double
Circulation System
1. Separation of oxygen rich and oxygen
poor blood
2. Blood pressure can be kept high by the
heart
8
Pulmonar
y
Circulatio
n
vein
2. Menghilangkan metabolit
Kemoreseptor
a. hampir pada semua pembuluh darah,
terutama pada aortic bodies.
b. Peka : perubahan pH darah, CO dan O2.
Contoh:
1. ADH antikencing, untuk menghemat air
mempertahankan sirkulasi
5. endotelin
Sirkulasi Organ Khusus
1. Sirkulasi Darah Otak
Sel otak sangat memerlukan gula darah
sebagai
sumber enersi selain O2
Oleh sebab itu Pengendalian sirkulasi
terutama oleh kemoreseptor kadar O2,
CO2
dan glukosa darah.
Sirkulasi Darah Jantung
Secara anatomis a coronaria dextra mengaliri
otot jantung ventrikel kanan dan kiri ,
sedangkan
a coronaria sinistra hanya mengaliri ventrikel
kiri.
Kardiogenik
Kegagalan kardiogenik akibat payah jantung
(hipertensi, insufisiensi & stenosis katub AV
& aorta ).
Pembuluh darah
Kegagalan sirkulasi oleh factor pembuluh
darah
( trauma, DHF, dll )
Cair tubuh
Kegagalan sirkulasi : oleh kondisi
dehidrasi
( diare, sengatan panas )
The Cardiovascular
System: Blood Vessels and
Hemodynamics
Structure and function
of blood vessels
Hemodynamics
forces involved in
circulating blood
Major circulatory
routes
Thoracic aorta
at T12 becomes
abdominal aorta
Abdominal aorta
ends at L4
branching into:
R & L common
iliac arteries
32
Heart Innervation
Heart receives visceral
motor innervation
Sympathetic (speeds
up)
Parasympathetic (slows
down) p. 534
1.
2.
3.
Know what these terms mean: phrenic, gastric, hepatic, renal, colic
35
JANTUNG SEBAGAI POMPA
SYARAT POMPA JANTUNG YANG BAIK :
1. Katub berfungsi baik
2. Pengisian darah atrium dan
ventrikel optimal
3. Kuat kontraksi optimal
4. Frekuensi jantung normal,
kontraksi atrium dan ventrikel
bergantian
05/14/17
STROKE VOLUME
( ISI SEKUNCUP )
CO = SV x HR
Obat-obatan
1. Digitalis : inotropik positif
2. Quinidine, Procainamide, Barbiturat :
inotropik negatif
3. Derivat Xanthin : Cofein, teofilin :
inotropik positif, dengan
menghambat pemecahan cAMP
KEADAAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI
POMPA JANTUNG
05/14/17
PERUBAHAN ALIRAN DARAH
KORONER
SISTOLE : Penekanan kuat otot jantung
Aliran darah
Diastole
Relaxation phase of the heart
PROYEKSI SUARA JANTUNG DI DADA
05/14/17
Blood Pressure
Measurements by health professionals
are made on the pressure in large arteries
Systolicpressure at the peak of ventricular
contraction
Diastolicpressure when ventricles relax
Write systolic pressure first and diastolic last
(120/80 mm Hg)
Pressure in blood vessels decreases as
distance from the heart increases
Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Measuring Arterial Blood Pressure
Sirkulasi
Faal jantung dapat diamati:
echocardiogarfy, cardiactelemetri
dan heart rate monitoring dan EKG
Tekanan darah:
Dengan Sphygmomanometer
(Manometer-Hg) +
stetoskop
Muscle and
Elastic fibres
Endothelium
Lumen
57
Vena juga mempunyai otot polos, tetapi
lebih tipis
daripada arteri.
Vena :
Vena :
penebalan,
return
tekanan darah )
Renninangiotensin-
aldosteron system
Cells of liver Uxta glomerular
cell of kidney
Angiotensinogen
Rennin
Angiotensin
Angiotensin converting enzyme
Foramen ovale
Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus
System
Arteriosclerosis occurs
Arteries lose elasticity
BP increases w/age
Atherosclerosis blocks arteries
Most serious damage occurring in coronary
vessels
Veins stretch w/age, valves cannot
function
Varicosities develop, usually in legs
Phlebitis also develops d/t stagnant blood