Penghidu Pengecap
Serat saraf tidak Serat saraf relay
relay di thalamus di thalamus
Serat saraf tidak Serat saraf
proyeksi ke girus proyeksi ke girus
postsentralis postsentralis
Pengecap
Rangsangan : kemoreseptor
Organ sensorik : taste bud (putik
pengecap)
Pada manusia terdapat 2.000-10.000
buah
Lokalisasi putik pengecap :
1. Mukosa epiglotis
2. Mukosa palatum
3. Mukosa pharynx-larynx
4. Lidah
5. Uvula
Papilla Fungiformis
Lokalisasi : paling banyak di
ujung lidah
Struktur : bulat
Jumlah putik pengecap /papilla :
5
Letak putik pengecap : Ujung
papilla
Papilla Circumvallata
Lokalisasi : bagian belakang
lidah
Struktur : menonjol tersusun
seperti garis V
Jumlah putik pengecap /papilla :
100
Letak putik pengecap : Sisi
papilla
Papilla Foliata
Lokalisasi : di lipatan sepanjang
permukaan lateral lidah
Struktur : kerucut
Tidak memiliki putik pengecap
Ambang batas pengecapan
4 Rasa primer : manis, asin, pahit,
asam
Tambahan : Umami
Transduction
mechanisms for bitter,
sweet, and umami
tastants :
Tastants bind directly to
G-protein-coupled
membrane receptors and
activate phospholipase
C, which increases the
synthesis of IP3.
IP3 then triggers the
release of Ca2+ from
internal storage sites and
opens a taste-specific
ion channel, leading to
depolarization and
transmitter release.
Transduction mechanisms of (a) salt and (b) sour tastants.
Tastants can interact directly with ion channels, by either passing through
them (Na and H) or blocking them (H blocking the potassium channel). Then,
the membrane voltage influences calcium channels on the basal membrane,
which in turn influence the intracellular [Ca 2+ ] and transmitter release.
Taste receptor proteins.
(a)There are about 30
types of bitter
receptors, comprising a
family of T2R proteins.
(b)There is only one type of
sweet receptor,
formed from the
combination of a T2R1
and T1R3 protein.
(c)There is only one type of
umami receptor,
formed from the
combination of a T1R2
and T1R3 protein.
Persarafan pada taste bud :
Lidah :
2/3 depan lidah N. VII (N.Fasialis)
1/3 belakang lidah N. IX (N.Glosofaringeus)
Di luar lidah ( epigotis, palatum,dsb ) N.X
(N.Vagus)
Penyebab hipogeusia :
Beberapa penyakit
Obat-obatan , con : mengandung
sulfhidril
Penghidu
Rangsangan bau-bauan
kemoreseptor