IC ENGINES

Presented by,
Yuvaraja MM
M Tech in Renewable energy
NMIT,Bengaluru.
 HEAT ENGINE

Aheat engineisasystemthatconvertsheator
thermalenergytomechanicalenergy,which
canthenbeusedtodomechanicalwork
 TYPE OF ENGINE

Heatengineclassificationcanbedoneintotwotypes.
Theyare:

1)ExternalCombustionEngine(ECEngine)
2)InternalCombustionEngine(ICEngine)
 EC ENGINE

Externalcombustionenginesarethoseinwhichcombustion
takesplaceoutsidetheengines.Heatproducedduring
externalcombustionisusedforinducingusefulmechanical
motioninthecylinderoftheengine.
Ex:Steam Engine, Steam Turbine, Closed cycle
gas turbine.
 IC ENGINE

Internalcombustionenginearethoseinwhichcombustion
takesplacewithintheengine.Chemicalenergyofthefuel
isconvertedtothermalenergyandthermalenergyis
convertedtomechanicalenergy.
Ex:Gasoline Engine, Diesel Engine, Wankel
Engine, Open cycle Gas Turbine
Classifications of IC engines
BasedonApplication:
1.Automotive:(i)Car(ii)Truck/Bus
2.LightAircraft
3.Marine:(i)Outboard(ii)Inboard(iii)Ship
4.PowerGeneration:(i)Portable(Domestic)(ii)Fixed
(PeakPower)
5.Agricultural:(i)Tractors(ii)Pumpsets
6.Earthmoving:(i)Dumpers
BasedonEnginedesign:
1. Reciprocating
(a)Single Cylinder
(b) Multi-cylinder
(I) In-line
(ii) V
(iii) Radial
(iv) Opposed Cylinder
(v) Opposed Piston
(a) 2. Rotary:
(a) Single Rotor
(b) Multi-rotor
 OperatingCycle:

Carnotcycle
Otto(FortheConventionalSIEngine)
Diesel(FortheIdealDieselEngine)
Dual(FortheActualDieselEngine)

WorkingCycle(Strokes):
1. FourStrokeCycle
2. TwoStrokeCycle
WorkingProcessof4-strokeengine

Afour-stroke engineisaninternalcombustion(IC)
engineinwhichthepistoncompletesfourseparate
strokeswhileturningacrankshaft.Astrokerefersto
thefulltravelofthepistonalongthecylinder,ineither
direction.Thefourseparatestrokesaretermed:
Intake(suction)stroke
Compressionstroke
Power(working)stroke
Exhauststroke
 IntakeStroke

Intake: Thisstrokeofthepistonbeginsattopdeadcenter(T.D.C.)andends
atbottomdeadcenter(B.D.C.).Inthisstroketheintakevalvemustbeinthe
openpositionwhilethepistonpullsanair-fuelmixtureintothecylinderby
producingvacuumpressureintothecylinderthroughitsdownwardmotion.
 Compressionstroke

Compression:ThisstrokebeginsatB.D.C,orjustattheendofthesuction
stroke,andendsatT.D.C.Inthisstrokethepistoncompressestheair-fuel
mixtureinpreparationforignitionduringthepowerstroke(below).Both
theintakeandexhaustvalvesareclosedduringthisstage.
 Workingstroke

Power:Thisisthestartofthesecondrevolutionofthefourstrokecycle.
Atthispointthecrankshafthascompletedafull360degreerevolution.
WhilethepistonisatT.D.C.(theendofthecompressionstroke)the
compressedair-fuelmixtureisignitedbyasparkplug(inagasoline
engine)orbyheatgeneratedbyhighcompression(dieselengines),
forcefullyreturningthepistontoB.D.C.Thisstrokeproducesmechanical
workfromtheenginetoturnthecrankshaft.
Exhauststroke

Exhaust:Duringtheexhauststroke,thepistononceagainreturnsfrom
B.D.C.toT.D.C.whiletheexhaustvalveisopen.Thisactionexpelsthe
spentair-fuelmixturethroughtheexhaustvalve.
WorkingProcessof4-strokeengine
Animationof4strokeengine
ApplicationsofICEngines
I.C.engineshavemanyapplications,including:
Roadvehicles(e.g.scooter,motorcycle,busesetc.)
Aircraft
Motorboats
Smallmachines,suchaslawnmowers,chainsaws
andportableengine-generators
AdvantagesofICengine
Aninternalcombustionengineiscompactandlighter.
Aninternalcombustionenginecanbestarted
immediately.
Aninternalcombustionengineisquitesafetouse.
Aninternalcombustionenginehashigherefficiency
thanexternalcombustionengine.
Thankyou.