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Build & Operation Of
Electromechanical Relay
Construction and
Operation:
When electric current passes through a coil, magnetic north and south
pole are produced across the gap separating the coil and armature,
acting like an electromagnet.
The magnetic field µpull in¶ the armature and close the contact NC(
Normally close contact), to NO (Normally close contact) . When the
electrical current stops flowing, the armature return back to normal
position
Relay actuated whenever sufficient current intensity produced enough
force to overcome spring tension.
Contact Relay Form
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In the figure below, a relatively small switch 24Volt DC source across
the coil of the relay located at the site of the load. When relay coil is
energized, the contacts switch the large voltage and current to the
load. The control voltage is DC, and controlled voltage is AC, with both
source and grounds isolates from each other. Contacts are insulated
from relay frame and coil as shown is figure.
Relay Rating & Configurations
The voltage and power type (AC or DC) the coil needs to operate ; that
is 12Vdc, 24Vdc and 110Vac.
The coil does not have to work on the same voltage as the voltage
being sent over the high power contacts. There is no need to send
high voltage to the small switch.
Relay Rating & Configurations
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If you are choosing a relay for an existing PCB you will need
to ensure that its dimensions and pin arrangement are
suitable. You should find this information in the supplier's
catalogue.
The relay's coil voltage rating and resistance must suit the
circuit powering the relay coil. Many relays have a coil rated
for a 12V supply but 5V and 24V relays are also readily
available. Some relays operate perfectly well with a supply
voltage which is a little lower than their rated value.
Relay Rating & Configurations
The circuit must be able to supply the current required by the relay coil. You
can use Ohm's law to calculate the current:
Relay coil current = supply voltage
coil resistance
For example: A 12V supply relay with a coil resistance of 400 passes a current
of 30mA. This is OK for a 555 timer IC (maximum output current 200mA), but it
is too much for most ICs and they will require a transistor to amplify the current.
The switch logic circuit application in relay shows a relay with two NO
contacts. One contact is used as an interlock around the START push
button. Thus, an interlock circuit is a path provided for electrical energy to
the load after the initial path has been opened. The second relay contact is
used to energize a light. Remember that when a relay coil is energized, the
NO contacts close. The circuit can be de-energized by operating the STOP
push-button switch.
Figure shows the addition of a selector switch, fuse, pilot light and a
second relay. When the selector switch is operated to the ON position,
electrical energy is available at the two vertical sides of the circuit. The
green light is energized, showing that the operation has been
completed.
One additional relay contact is added in the circuit from relay 1 CR.
This contact closes when the relay1 CR is energized and it, in turn,
energizes a second relay coil 2 CR. The operating circuit can be de-
energized by operating the STOP push-button switch.