Occlusion

Dr : Rasha Taha
 Occlusion
Occlusion

Mean what ???

It is the contact relation ship of upper &
lower teeth during various mandibular
movements.
In addition it must involve the factors
concerned with the development and
stability of the masticatory system which
include:
---------Teeth and their investing tissues
---------Jaws
---------TMJ
---------Ligaments
---------And muscle of mastication
The study of occlusion
includes the following items:
1- Dental arch formation.
2- Compensating curvatures of the dental arch(
curved occlusal planes).
3- Compensatory curvatures of individual teeth
(curved tooth axes).
4-Angulation of teeth in relation to various
planes.
5- functional form of the teeth at their incisal
and occlusal third.
6-Facial and lingual relation of each tooth in
one arch to its antagonist in the opposing arch
during centric occlusion.
7- Occlusal contact and inter-cusp relation of
The maxillary arch is larger than the mandibular
arch giving a horizontal space between upper
and lower teeth during occlusion called overjet.
Vertical over lap (over bite)

zontal overlap: (overjet)

Importance ??
 1-Dental arch formation

(Arrangement or
Alignment of teeth)

Parabolic curve.
From an occlusal view
the facial and lingual
outlines of the dental
arch conform to a
Parabolic curve.
 Parabolic curve.

1-Anterior segment: semicircular

Semicircular and Anterior segment

equally bisected by the
midline.
Facial surfaces of
anterior teeth and the
first premolar of both Middle
sides. segmen
t
2- Middle segment:
Straight line and
continuous with the
anterior segment in Posterior
buccal direction. Included segment
the first and second
premolars and the mesial straight
half of the first molar.
 Posterior segment:
3-
Straight line parallel to Posterior
the midline slightly segment
directed to the midline
in the maxillary dental
arch.
Middle
Maxilla more segmen
t
inclined to midline
due to: Middle
Anterior segmen
1- Lingual position , t
segment
relative to
2- greater Sufficient
convergency of buccal room for
surfaces to distal functional
surface activities of
Masseter
Facial surfaces of canines and first molar
lie facial to the paraolic curve limit

Because they are larger faciolingually

Facial surfaces of maxillary

lateral incisors lie lingual to
the paraolic curve limit
Because of its lesser labiolingual dimension
 Phases of development of the
permanent dental arch
First phase: Second
phase:
At 6 years
eruption of the
first permanent
molars lead to
increase the Eruption of the
masticatory permanent
efficiency and jaw incisors.
growth.
 Third phase:
Fourth phase:
Premolars replace
the deciduous
molars and The canines and
spacing of teeth the second
occur due to permanent molar
smaller size of erupted nearly at
premolars than the same time. The
deciduous molars. arch is considered
to be
physiologically
complete.
 Fifth phase:
Eruption of the
third molar.
 Bonwill triangle
Bonwill described the -
mandible and the
mandibular dental
arch form occlusal
view as an equilateral
triangle of 4 inches
. length
The apex of the-
triangle is at the mesial
contact area of lower
central incisors and the
angles of the base at
the centers of the
. condyles
 2-Compensating curvature of the
dental arch (curved occlusal
planes)

Curve of Spee Curve of Monson

Curve of Wilson
 2-Compensating curvature of the
dental arch (curved occlusal planes
Curve of Spee
The curve parallel to
sagittal plane. Spee
stated that when the upper
and lower jaws are
examined from a point
opposite the first molar
buccally the incisal ridges
of anterior teeth and the
buccal cusps of posterior
teeth follow a curve that
end at the anterior surface
of the condyle.
 Importance of curve of
Spee:

Tooth guidence
Orthodontically
 Curve of Wilson
Crowns of the upper posterior
teeth are inclined buccally so
lingual cusps appear longer
than buccal cusps.
Crowns of the lower posterior
teeth are inclined lingually so
buccal cusps appear longer
than lingual cusps.
If a line is drawn from the
buccal cusps of a posterior
tooth on one side to a buccal
cusp of the same tooth on
Inclination of
the other side of the same crown of post.
arch, it will follow a curve Teeth
parallel to the coronal posteriorly So
plane. This is the curve of
Wilson. .???
 What is the difference between the
curve of Spee and the curve of
Wilson?

Anteroposterior Buccal - Lingual

curvature of the Curvature.
incisal &occlusal
 Curve of Monson
.
The occlusal surfaces of the
mandibular teeth form a
concave plane .Those of
maxillary teeth form a convex
plane .In centric occlusion these
planes become identical.
Monson stated that the curved
occlusal surfaces of the dental
arches conform to a segment of
a sphere of 4 inches radius. The
center of this sphere is in the
glabella.
Curve of Monson is a
combination of curve of Spee
and curve of Wilson.
 Sphere of Monson
It is a combination of Spee and Wilson curves ,
these curves are studies in a three dimension
occlusal model the cusps tips of posterior teeth
resting on a sphere. Sphere of Monson :sphere existed
with a radius of 4 inches

glabella

Center of Monsons
Sphere
( located in the
gabella
above the
sating curvatures o
teeth (curved toot
Importance:
-Occlusal
balance and stability of teeth during
normal occlusion.
-Promote mesial drift of teeth.
Any line bisecting the tooth from any
aspect will form a curve.
The curves made by teeth in either
dental arch, is parallel to those in the
opposing dental arch.
The curves made by anterior teeth,
premolars and first molar form equal
circles.
The second and third molars form

smaller circles Why???

tion of individual
Each tooth is positioned in the dental arch at an

ation to various p
angle that best withstands the forces of mastication.

From proximal aspect

The axial angulation of the incisors is about 60
degrees to the horizontal plane.

The axis of the maxillary incisor forms acute angle

with the axis of the mandibular incisor.

The angle becomes less acute in the canines and

first premolars.

The maxillary and mandibular second premolar and

the first molar have their axes parallel to each
other.

The second and third molars have their axes at an

angle more acute to the horizontal plane than the
first molar.
 From facial aspect
Maxillary ant. Teeth
have little less right
angle with horizontal
plane (80 degree)
And about 10 degree
angle with median plane
Axial arrangement of
crowns of anterior teeth
point medially while their
root point distally.
Function: - Stabilize
proximal contact.
 5-Functional form of the teeth at
their incisal and occlusal thirds
The functional form of the crown at incisal and occlusal
third, is manifested by elevations and depressions.
Elevations of the crown in one dental arch occlude with
crown depression on the opposing dental arch during
centric occlusion (self occluding design).

Ridge to fossa :
Cusp to fossa:
Cusp to ridge
Cusp to sulcus:.
Cusp to embrasure:
Escapement spaces : (the rounded surfaces of
teeth)
 C-S
C-E
R-F
C-R

C-F