LED & laser

Name Bhupender singh

Roll no. 13ECE06
subject Optical communication
 Content

INTRODUCTION TO LED
LED WORKING
USE OF LED IN OPTICAL FIBER
LASER
LASER WORKING
USE OF LASER IN OPTICAL FIBER
COMPARSION OF LED & LASER
 INTRODUCTION TO LED

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source that

convert an electrical current into light.

It is a p-n junction diode, which emits light when activated. When a

suitable voltage is applied to the leads.

A light emitting diode (LED) is known to be one of the best optoelectronic

devices out of the lot.
 LED WORKING
A P-N junction can convert absorbed light energy into a proportional electric current. The same
process is reversed here (i.e. the P-N junction emits light when electrical energy is applied to
it). This phenomenon is generally called electroluminescence.

Which can be defined as the emission of light from a semi-conductor under the influence of an
electric field.

The charge carriers recombine in a forward-biased P-N junction as the electrons cross from the
N-region and recombine with the holes existing in the P-region.

Free electrons are in theconduction bandof energy levels, while holes are
in the valenceenergy band.

Thus the energy level of the holes will be lesser than the energy levels of
the electrons.

Some portion of the energy must be dissipated in order to recombine the

electrons and the holes. This energy is emitted in the form of heat and light.
USE OF LED IN OPTICAL FIBER

Light emitters are a key element in any fiber optic system.

This component converts the electrical signal into a corresponding light signal that
can be injected into the fiber.

LEDs are of interest for fiber optics because of five inherent characteristics:

1. They are small.

2. They possess high radiance (i.e., They emit lots of light in a small area).
3. The emitting area is small, comparable to the dimensions of optical fibers.
4. They have a very long life, offering high reliability.
5. They can be modulated (turned off and on) at high speeds.
Optical fiber communication
LASER
Alaseris a device that emitslightthrough a process ofoptical
amplificationbased on thestimulated emissionofelectromagnetic
radiation.

LASER stands for "light amplification by stimulated emission

of radiation.

it emits light coherently, Spatial coherence allows a laser to be focused to a tight

spot.

A laser is a coherent and focused beam of photons.

LASER working
laser is created when the electrons in atoms in special glasses, crystals, or gases
absorb energy from an electrical current or another laser and become excited.

The excited electrons move from a lower-energy orbit to a higher-energy orbit

around the atoms nucleus.

When they return to their normal or ground state, the electrons emit photons
(particles of light).

its light contains only one wavelength (one specific color) and laser light is
directional.
USE OF LASER IN OPTICAL FIBER

Where higher levels of performance are required, i.e. it is necessary that the fibre
optic link can operate over greater distances and with higher data rates, then lasers
are used.

the light output is directional and this enables a much higher level
of efficiency in the transfer of the light into the fibre optic cable.

lasers have a very narrow spectral bandwidth as a result of the

fact that they produce coherent light. This narrow spectral width
enables the lasers to transmit data at much higher rates.

Laser diodes are often directly modulated. This provides a very

simple and effective method of transferring the data onto the
optical signal.
COMPARSION OF LED & LASER
Thank you