Good

morning
!!!
GENERAL OBJECTIVE:

1. TO KNOW MORE ABOUT THE STATUS OF THE

HEALTH IN THE PHILIPPINES.

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

1. TO DEFINE TERMS USED BY THE NATIONAL HEALTH

ORGANIZATION
2. TO DISCUSS THE TEN LEADING CAUSES OF
ILLNESS IN THE PHILIPPINES
3. TO DISCUSS THE TEN LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH
IN THE PHILIPPINES
4. TO DISCUSSTHE FIVE LEADING CAUSES OF
MATERNAL DEATH IN THE PHILIPPINES
 I. DEFINITION OF
TERMS RELATED TO
THE NATIONAL HEALTH
SITUATION AND THE
PHILIPPINE HEALTH
CARE DELIVERY
SYSTEM
1.INFANT MORBIDITY
- illnesses that occurs among infants.

2. MATERNAL MORBIDITY
- illnesses that occurs during maternal period.
- medical complications in a woman caused by
pregnancy, labor, or delivery.

3.HEALTH CARE DELIVERY SYSTEM

- the network of health facilities and personnel
which carries out the task of rendering health care
to the people.

4. POLICY
- a plan of activity or behavior that serves
some end such as being expedient
(appropriate/useful) or beneficial.
 STRATEGIES
- A plan of action resulting from strategy or
intended to accomplish a specific goal. See
Synonyms atplan.

5. SERVICES
- the performance of an action or work for the
benefit of others.
6. CATCHMENT AREA
-the specific geographic area for which a
particular institution, especially a mental health
center, is responsible.
-the region from which the data in a particular
study are drawn.

7. MORBIDITY
-the presence of illness or disease
8. INFANT MORTALITY
- defined as the number ofinfantdeaths (one year of
age or younger) per 1000 live births.

9. MATERNAL DEATH
- also "obstetrical death" is thedeathof a woman
during or shortly after apregnancy.
-is defined as the death of a woman while pregnant or
within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of
the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause
related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its
management but not from accidental or incidental causes.
(WHO)

10. OBJECTIVES/GOALS
- the purpose toward which an endeavor is directed,
such as the outcome of diagnostic, therapeutic, and
educational management of a patient's health problem.
- reason for doing a thing
11. STRUCTURE
- the components and their manner of
arrangement in constituting a whole.

12. RESOURCES
- somebody or something that is a source of
help or information.
- ability to find solutions

13. MORTALITY
- A fatal outcome or, in one word, death.
- is derived from "mortal" which came from the
Latin "mors" (death).
 II. TEN
LEADING
CAUSES OF
ILLNESS
 MORBIDITY: 10 Leading Causes, Number and Rate
*
5-Year Average (2000-2004) & 2005
5-Year Average
2005
(1955-1959)
Diseases
Numbe Numbe
Rate Rate
r r
1. Acute Lower
Respiratory Tract
694,209 884.6 690,566 809.9
Infection and
Pneumonia**
2.
Bronchitis/Bronchioli 669,800 854.7 616,041 722.5
tis
3. Acute watery
726,211 928.3 603,287 707.6
diarrhea
4. Influenza 459,624 587.0 406,237 476.5
6. TB 109,3
139.7 114,360 134.1
Respiratory 69
7. Diseases of 43,94
56.1 43,898 51.5
the Heart 5
35,97
8. Malaria 46.1 36,090 42.3
0
79,23
9. Chicken Pox 41.1 30,063 36.3
6
10. Dengue 15,38
19.6 20,107 23.6
fever 3
* per
100,000
population
** Does not include ALRI, Pneumonia cases only
from 2000-2002
1.) LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONwhile
often used as a synonym forpneumonia, can also be
applied to other types of infection includinglung
abscessandacute bronchitis. Symptoms include
shortness of breath, weakness, high fever, coughing and
fatigue.

PNEUMONIAis aninflammatory condition of thelung

especially affecting the microscopic air sacs (alveoli)
associated withfever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air
space (consolidation) on achest X-ray.Pneumonia is
typically caused by aninfectionbut there are a number
of other causes. Infectious agents include:bacteria,
viruses, fungi, and parasites.

2.) BRONCHITISisinflammationof themucous

membraneof thebronchi, the airways that carry airflow
from thetracheainto thelungs. Bronchitis can be
divided into two categories, acute and chronic, each of
which has unique etiologies, pathologies, and therapies.
that can make people extremely dehydrated. Sometimes,
an infection can reach the intestines and lead to this
symptom. In some instances, the bowels can become
inflamed and lead to watery diarrhea.

4.) INFLUENZA, commonly referred to as theflu, is

aninfectious diseasecaused byRNA virusesof thefamily
Orthomyxoviridae(the influenza viruses), that
affectsbirdsandmammals. The most common symptoms
of the disease arechills,fever,sore throat,muscle pains,
severeheadache,coughing,
weakness/fatigueandgeneral discomfort.Although it is
often confused with otherinfluenza-like illnesses,
especially thecommon cold, influenza is a more severe
disease than the common cold and is caused by a
different type of virus. Influenza may
producenauseaandvomiting, particularly in children,but
these symptoms are more common in the
unrelatedgastroenteritis, which is sometimes,
inaccurately, referred to as "stomach flu."Flu can
occasionally cause either direct viral pneumonia or
5.) HYPERTENSION (HTN)ORHIGH BLOOD
PRESSUREis acardiacchronicmedical conditionin
which the systemic arterialblood pressureis elevated.
What that means is that the heart is having to work
harder than it should to pump the blood around the body.
Blood pressure involves two measurements, systolic and
diastolic. Normal blood pressure is 120/80mm/Hg.The
first figure is the systolic blood pressure, the pressure
there is in the arteries when your heart is contracting.
The second, or lower figure, is the diastolic blood
pressure, which is the pressure in your arteries between
heart beats. High blood pressure is anything above
140/90mm/Hg. Hypertension is the opposite
ofhypotension. Hypertension is classified as either
primary (essential) hypertension or secondary
hypertension; about 9095% of cases are categorized as
"primary hypertension," which means high blood
pressure with no obvious medical cause. The remaining
510% of cases (Secondary hypertension) are caused by
other conditions that affect the kidneys, arteries, heart
or endocrine system.
6.) TUBERCULOSIS,MTB, ORTB(short
fortuberclebacillus) is a common, and in many
cases lethal,infectious diseasecaused by various
strains of mycobacteria, usuallyMycobacterium
tuberculosis.Tuberculosis usually attacks
thelungsbut can also affect other parts of the
body. It is spread through the air when people who
have an active MTB infection cough, sneeze, or
otherwise transmit their saliva through the
air.Most infections in humans result in
anasymptomatic, latent infection, and about one
in ten latent infections eventually progresses to
active disease, which, if left untreated, kills more
than 50% of those infected.

7.) HEART DISEASE,CARDIAC

DISEASEORCARDIOPATHYis anumbrella
termfor a variety of diseases affecting theheart.
diseaseof humans and other animals caused
byeukaryoticprotistsof the
genusPlasmodium. The disease results from
the multiplication of Plasmodium parasites
withinred blood cells, causing symptoms that
typically includefeverandheadache, in severe
cases progressing tocomaordeath.

9.) CHICKENPOXORCHICKEN POXis a

highlycontagiousillness caused by
primaryinfectionwithvaricella zoster
virus(VZV).It usually starts with
vesicularskinrashmainly on the body and
head rather than at the periphery and becomes
itchy, rawpockmarks, which mostly heal
without scarring. On examination, the observer
typically finds lesions at various stages of
10.) DENGUE FEVER, also known
asbreakbone fever, is an
infectioustropical diseasecaused by
thedengue virus. Symptom
includefever,headache,muscleandjoint
pains, and a characteristicskin rashthat
issimilar to measles. In a small proportion of
cases the disease develops into the life-
threateningdengue hemorrhagic fever,
resulting inbleeding,low levels of blood
plateletsand blood plasma leakage, or into
dengue shock syndrome,
wheredangerously low blood
pressureoccurs.
 III. TEN
LEADING
CAUSES OF
DEATH
 MORTALITY: TEN (10) LEADING CAUSES
NUMBER AND RATE/100,000 POPULATION
Philippines
5-Year Average (2001-2005) & 2006
5-Year Average
2006*
CAUSES (2001-2005)
Number Rate Number Rate
1. Diseases of the
69,741 85.5 83,081 95.5
Heart

2. Diseases of the
52,106 64.0 55,466 63.8
Vascular System

3. Malignant
39,634 48.6 43,043 49.5
Neoplasms

4. Accidents** 33,650 41.4 36,162 41.6

5. Pneumonia 33,764 41.5 34,958 40.2

6. Tuberculosis, all forms 27,017 33.2 25,860 29.7

7. Chronic lower
19,024 23.3 21,216 24.4
respiratory diseases

8. Diabetes Mellitus 15,123 18.5 20,239 23.3

9.Certain conditions
originating in the 13,931 17.2 12,334 14.2
perinatal period

10. Nephritis, nephrotic

syndrome 9,785 12.0 11,981 13.8
and nephrosis
Note: Excludes ill-defined and unknown causes of mortality
* reference year
** External causes of Mortality
DISEASEORCARDIOPATHYis anumbrella termfor a
variety of diseases affecting theheart.

2.) HEART DISEASEORCARDIOVASCULAR

DISEASEare the class of diseases that involve
theheartorblood vessels(arteriesandveins).While the
term technically refers to any disease that affects
thecardiovascular system. It is usually used to refer to
those related to atherosclerosis(arterial disease). These
conditions usually have similar causes, mechanisms, and
treatments.

3.) CANCERknown medically as a,

MALIGNANTNEOPLASM is a large group of
differentdiseases, all involving unregulated cell growth. In
cancer,cellsdivide and grow uncontrollably,
formingmalignant tumors, and invade nearby parts of
the body. The cancer may alsospreadto more distant parts
of the body through thelymphatic systemorbloodstream.
Not all tumors are cancerous.Benign tumorsdo not grow
4.) AnACCIDENTORMISHAPis an unforeseen and
unplanned event or circumstance, often with lack of
intention or necessity. It implies a generally negative
outcome which may have been avoided or prevented
hadcircumstancesleading up to the accident been
recognized, and acted upon, prior to its occurrence.

5.) LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONwhile

often used as a synonym forpneumonia, can also be
applied to other types of infection includinglung
abscessandacute bronchitis. Symptoms include
shortness of breath, weakness, high fever, coughing and
fatigue.

PNEUMONIAis aninflammatorycondition of thelung

especially affecting the microscopic air sacs (alveoli)
associated withfever, chest symptoms, and a lack of air
space (consolidation) on achest X-ray.Pneumonia is
typically caused by aninfectionbut there are a number
of other causes. Infectious agents
6.) TUBERCULOSIS,MTB, ORTB(short
fortuberclebacillus) is a common, and in many cases
lethal,infectious diseasecaused by various strains of
mycobacteria, usuallyMycobacterium
tuberculosis.Tuberculosis usually attacks thelungsbut can
also affect other parts of the body. It is spread through the
air when people who have an active MTB infection cough,
sneeze, or otherwise transmit their saliva through the
air.Most infections in humans result in anasymptomatic,
latent infection, and about one in ten latent infections
eventually progresses to active disease, which, if left
untreated, kills more than 50% of those infected.

7.) CHRONIC LOWER RESPIRATORY DISEASES are

Chronic obstructed pulmonary disease, emphysema, chronic
bronchitis and other respiratory illnesses are all grouped
together under the name chronic lower respiratory
disease.Cigarette smokingis the major cause of these
illnesses, accounting for about 80%. The severity of the
illness and treatment vary based on the particular type.
asdiabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a
person has highblood sugar, either because the body does
not produce enoughinsulin, or because cells do not respond
to the insulin that is produced. This high blood sugar
produces the classical symptoms ofpolyuria(frequent
urination),polydipsia(increased thirst)
andpolyphaga(increased hunger).

There are three main types of diabetes:

Type1 diabetes: results from the body's failure to produce

insulin, and presently requires the person to inject insulin.
(Also referred to asinsulin-dependentdiabetes
mellitus,IDDMfor short, andjuvenilediabetes.)
Type2 diabetes: results frominsulin resistance, a
condition in which cells fail to use insulin properly,
sometimes combined with an absolute insulin deficiency.
(Formerly referred to asnon-insulin-dependentdiabetes
mellitus,NIDDMfor short, andadult-onsetdiabetes.)
Gestational diabetes: is when pregnant women, who have
never had diabetes before, have a high blood glucose level
9.) CERTAIN CONDITIONS ORIGINATING
IN THE PERINATAL PERIOD conditions
which have their origin in the perinatal
period, before birth through the first 28 days
after birth, even though death or morbidity
occurs or later.

10.) NEPHROTIC SYNDROMEis a

nonspecific disorder in which thekidneysare
damaged, causing them to leak large
amounts ofprotein. (proteinuriaat least
3.5grams per day per 1.73m2body surface
area)from theblood into theurine.
 IV. FIVE
LEADING CAUSE
OF MATERNAL
DEATHS
 Five Causes of maternal Deaths
Number, Rate/1000 Livebirths & Percent Distribution
Philippines, 2006
CAUSE Number Rate Percent*
TOTAL 1,721 1.0 100.0
1. Complications related
to pregnancy occuring
732 0.4 42.5
in the course of labor,
delivery and puerperium
2. Hypertension
complicating pregnancy,
565 0.3 32.8
childbirth and
puerperium
3. Postpartum
261 0.2 15.2
hemorrhage
4. Pregnancy with
163 0.1 9.5
abortive outcome
5. Hemorrhage in early
0 0 -
pregnancy
*Percent share to total number of maternal deaths
1.) The PERINEUM has been stretched and traumatized,
and sometimes torn or cut, during the process of labor
and delivery. The swollen and engorged vulva rapidly
resolves within 1-2 weeks. Most of the muscle tone is
regained by 6 weeks, with more improvement over the
following few months. The muscle tone may or may not
return to normal, depending on the extent of injury to
muscle, nerve, and connecting tissues.

2.) HYPERTENSIONis the most common medical

problem encountered during pregnancy, complicating 2-
3% of pregnancies. Hypertensive disorders during
pregnancy are classified into 4 categories, as
recommended by the National High Blood Pressure
Education Program Working Group on High Blood
Pressure in Pregnancy:

Chronic hypertension
Preeclampsia-eclampsia
Preeclampsia superimposed on chronic hypertension
Gestational hypertension (transient hypertension of
pregnancy or chronic hypertension identified in the latter
half of pregnancy).[1]This terminology is preferred over the
older but widely used term "pregnancy-induced
hypertension" (PIH) because it is more precise.

3.) HEMORRHAGE AFTER DELIVERY,

ORPOSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE, is the loss of greater
than 500 ml of blood following vaginal delivery, or 1000
ml of blood following cesarean section. It is the most
common cause of perinatal maternal death in the
developed world and is a major cause of maternal
morbidity worldwide.

4.) PREGNANCY WITH ABORTIVE OUTCOME -also

known as or related tomiscarriages, unspecified abortion
(disorder), abortion and miscarriage, scottish care and
information on miscarriage, unspecified abortion, abortion
5.) HEMORRHAGE IN EARLY
PREGNANCY OR GYNECOLOGIC
HEMORRHAGErepresents excessive
bleeding of thefemale reproductive system.
Such bleeding could be visible or external,
namely bleeding from thevagina, or it
could be internal into the pelvic cavity or
form ahematoma. Normalmenstruationis
not considered a gynecologic hemorrhage,
as it is not excessive. Hemorrhage
associated with apregnantstate or
duringdelivery is anobstetrical
hemorrhage.
RA
BB
IT
SA GRO
Y S U P
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