CHARACTERIZATION OF VOLCANIC

DEPOSITS AND
GEOARCHAEOLOGICAL STUDIES
FROM THE 1815 ERUPTION OF
TAMBORA VOLCANO
BY IGAN SUPRIATMAN SUTAWIDJAJA, HARALDUR SIGURDSSON,
AND LEWIS ABRAMS

Kelompok 4
STRATIGRAPHIC RELATIONS OF THE 1815
DEPOSITS
Two major eruptive phases
First : the sequence begins with four widespread fall
layers (F1, F2, F3, F4)
Second : two major eruptive phases (S-1, PF-1)
Pyroclastic fall deposites of Tambora
F1, minor phreatomagmatic fall deposits during weak
explosions
F2, a plinian pumice-fall from an eruption column (35 km)
F3, a series of minor phreato-magmatic ash-falls from low
level activity
F4, the major plinian pumice fall from the great explosion
(43 km eruption column)
Pyroclastic flow deposites of Tambora
The lower most flow unit is a dark-gray, massive
pyroclastic flow, with black scoriae and bread-crust blocks
up to 1 m in diameter in a sandy-silty matrix
The third pyroclastic lobe extends northwestward from
Doro Petie along the coast to Wontu Wa
Pyroclastic flow deposites of Tambora
Conclusions
Sudden transition to pyroclastic flow and surge activity
during the second plinian eruption occurred on 10 April
1815 and is tentatively attributed to increase mass
eruption rate as summit collapse and early caldera
formation resulted in widening vent and possible
formation of new vents
RE-INTERPRETASI HUBUNGAN LAVA BANTAL WATUADEG
DENGAN BATUAN VULKANIKLASTIK DI DESA WATUADEG,
BERBAH, SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA

Agung Harijoko , Richa Hidiyawati, Haryo Edi Wibowo ,

Nugroho Iman Setiawan, Bambang Budiono
Jurusan Teknik Geologi, Fakultas Teknik, UGM, Jalan
Grafika No. 2 Kampus UGM, Indonesia,
Email: aharijoko@ugm.ac.id
 Hubungan stratigrafi antara lava bantal dengan batuan
vulkaniklastik pada Formasi Semilir di Watuadeg.
Lava bantal berasosiasi dengan batuan vulkaniklastik
berumur Paleogen Neogen Berbah (Bronto dkk., 2008),
Nampurejo, Bayat (Surono, 2008), Sukoharjo (Hartono
dkk., 2008).
Lava bantal tidak selaras dengan Formasi Semilir
berdasarkan perbedaan umur. Umur lava bantal sekitar
56 3,8 juta tahun lalu (Ngkoimani dkk., 2006) dan
Formasi semilir, yaitu sekitar Miosen Awal Miosen
Tengah (Surono dkk., 1992 dan Rahardjo, 2007).
Siliciclastic and volcaniclastic influences on equatorial carbonates:
insights from the Neogene of Indonesia MOYRA E. J. WILSON* and
STEPHEN W. LOKIER
 In active tectonic areas of humid equatorial regions, nearshore
shallow-water environments are commonly sites of near-
continuous siliciclastic influx and/or punctuated volcaniclastic
input.
In volcanically active equatorial regions, the punctuated influx of
volcaniclastic debris from airfall deposits or pyroclastic flows may
influence detached carbonate platforms normally isolated from
landderived siliciclastics.
Carbonates commonly develop as fringing reefs around isolated
volcanic islands, either during periods of volcanic quiescence or
in areas shielded from high levels of volcaniclastic input.
However, in equatorial regions, carbonates are less common
around large continental land masses affected by volcanism.
This results from the potentially high combined influx of
volcaniclastic and siliciclastic sediments.
 On the Wonosari Platform, non-framework-building
organisms dominated, and the resultant sediments
accumulated as parallel-bedded deposits or as low-relief
shoals.
Input of volcaniclastic material, as bedded pyroclastic or
airfall deposits, onto the platform does not appear to have
altered the morphology of contemporaneous or
subsequent carbonate units significantly.
 The morphology of carbonate depend on a variety of
factors :
1. Type of carbonate producers,
2. antecedent topography,
3. depth range of carbonateproducing biota
4. relative sea-level change and the period of carbonate
development
Reference
Igan Supriatman Sutawidjaja, Haraldur Sigurdsson, Lewis Abrams.
2006. Characterization Of Volcanic Deposits And Geoarchaeological
Studies From The 1815 Eruption Of Tambora Volcano. Jurnal Geologi
Indonesia, Vol. 1 No. 1 Maret 2006: 49-57
MOYRA E. J. WILSON and STEPHEN W. LOKIER. Siliciclastic and
volcaniclastic influences on equatorial carbonates: insights from the
Neogene of Indonesia. Department of Geological Sciences, Durham
University.
Agung Harijoko et all. RE-INTERPRETASI HUBUNGAN LAVA
BANTAL WATUADEG DENGAN BATUAN VULKANIKLASTIK DI
DESA WATUADEG, BERBAH, SLEMAN, D. I. YOGYAKARTA.