Measuring Instrument

Verniar Callipers
&
Micrometre Screw Gauge
 Verniar Callipers

Introduced in 1631 by Pierre Vernier.
The inside jaws shown are used to measure the
internal diameters of objects while the outside
jaws are to measure the external diameter.
The vernier calipers have a main scale and a
sliding vernier scale.
Vernier Caliper can be used to measure diameter,
thickness very accurately as its precision is 0.01
cm i.e. 0.1 mm.
Geometry of Verniar Calipers

 How to use the Vernier Calipers?

First, check for zero errors.
Zero errors are readings that should be zero
at the start.
When there is a positive zero error of
0.01cm, subtract 0.01cm from your total
length.
When there is a negative zero error, add it to
your result.
 Continues.

Secondly, put your object in between the
jaws of the Vernier Calipers and make sure
there are no gaps.
 Continues.


Thirdly, start measuring.
Look at the zero marking on the vernier scale.
Take the marking on the main scale that is at
the nearest left hand side of the zero marking
on the vernier scale.

Marking
on the
main
scale
 Continues.

Then look at the marking on the vernier
scale that is at the same position as the
main scale.

Markings
are at the
same
positions
 Continues.

Lastly, add the first reading and second
reading together. First reading(marking on
main scale nearest to that of vernier scale).
Second reading (markings on vernier and
main scale at the same positions). If there is
a positive zero error, subtract the error away.
If there is a negative error, add it.
 Error in vernier caliper
use

Play between the sliding jaw and fixed scale.
Wear, spring or warping of jaws.
Incorrect reading of scale.
Too much force on moving jaw.
Jaws not touching the job properly over a wide
enough area.
Line of measurement not coinciding with line
of scale

 Where to use Vernier
Caliper

Use the inside jaws of the caliper as
shown
 Where to use Vernier
Caliper

Use the outside jaws of the caliper as shown to
measure external diameter
 Where to use Vernier
Caliper

Use the depth gauge of the caliper as
shown to measure depth of a hole
 Precaution before
measuring

Precaution before measuring using Vernier
caliper
In a vernier caliper, you can either have a positive zero
error or a negative zero error if the zero of the main
scale does not coincide with the zero of the vernier
scale. If the zero mark is slightly on the right side of
the zero on the vernier we have a positive zero error. If
it is on the left, then a negative zero error. To get the
correct reading, the positive zero error is subtracted
from the final reading and the negative Z.E is added
 Example

13.650 mm
 Example
23.700 mm
Digital vernier calipers

 Micrometer Screw
Gauge

Introduced in 17th century by William Gascoigne
It consists of a hollow cylinder mounted on a U frame.
The U frame consists of a flat end known as stud and a
screw on the other side. This screw can be moved inside
the nut by fitted in the U frame by rotating the hollow
cylinder called the thimble. This is called the main scale.
The hollow cylinder or the thimble is graduated into 50
or 100 equal parts. This is called the circular scale.
To measure smaller lengths, micrometer is used as it
has an even smaller precision i.e. 0.001 cm or 0.01 mm.
Its range is less than 2 cm
Geometry of micrometer
screw gauge

 How to use the
Micrometer Screw
Gauge?

First, check for zero errors.
The procedure of measuring objects using
Micrometer Screw Gauge is about the same
as the Vernier Calipers but the method of
measuring is different.
 Continues

Secondly, put the object between the anvil and
spindle tightly.
 Continues

Thirdly, begin measuring.
Look at marking on the sleeve that is nearest
to the horizontal line of the thimble. Take the
reading in 0.5mm gaps.

Take
this
readin
g
 Continues

Then read the measurements on the thimble.
Take the reading that is in the middle of the
vertical line that divides the sleeve into two.

Take
this
readin
g
 Continues

Lastly add the first and
second readings
together. First
reading(the one on the
sleeve). Second
reading(the one on the
thimble). Then do the
changes with the zero
errors.
Continues

 Where to use ?

It is use to measure the external diameter of
cylinder
 Where to use ?

It is use to measure the limited length and
height of the small job
 Precaution before
measuring

Precaution before measuring using Micrometer Screw
Gauge
When the anvil and spindle
end are brought in contact, the
edge of the circular scale should
be at the zero of the sleeve
(linear scale) and the zero of the
circular scale should be
opposite to the datum line of
the sleeve.
If the zero is not coinciding with
the datum line, there will be a
positive or negative zero error
 Continues

Precision of Micrometer Screw Gauge is
0.001 cm or 0.01 mm. Its range is less than 2
cm
It is widely used in mechanical
engineeringand machiningas well as most
mechanical trades, along with
othermetrologicalinstruments such
asdial,vernier, anddigital calipers
Used for measuring accurately the diameter of
a thin wire or the thickness of a sheet of
metal.

Digital micrometre
screw gauge



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