BUSINESS MATHEMATICS
CHAPTER 3
CALCULUS
SUBTOPIC
3.2 DERIVATIVES
34
3.3 VARIABLE POINT
2033
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COURSE LEARNING OUTCOME:
dx
d2y or or ''
f is called the second derivative
dx 2
(y double prime)
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Example 1
Given f ( x) 3x 2 x x 4 x 5 , find f ( x )and f ( x)
4 3 2 ' ''
Solution
f ( x) 3x 2 x x 4 x 5
4 3 2
f ' ( x) 12 x 3 6 x 2 2 x 4
f '' ( x) 36 x 2 12 x 2
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dy 2
4(3 x ) 5(2 x) 7(1)
dx
12 x 2 10 x 7
d2y
2
12 (2 x) 10 (1)
dx
24 x 10
exercise
3
x
1
3
3 x 2 2
3 x 1 2
Second Derivative
Maximum and Minimum Values
0Definition
0 Critical Point
0 Maximum point
0 Minimum point
0 Inflection point
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Maximum and Minimum Values
Maximum and Minimum Values
exercise
Find the turning point for each of the curve below.
Determine whether the turning point is a maximum or a
minimum point.
2
1 y 2 6x x
2
2
y 5 4x 2x
2
3 y x 8x
2
4 y x 3x 6
Maximum Point Minimum Point
is not defined
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Maximum and minimum
points
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Continue..
0 If the critical point is also known as the
stationary point.
0 The maximum and minimum points are also
called turning points.
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Continue..
0 If then the function is increasing in the
interval
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Example 2
0 Find the intervals on which the function is
increasing and decreasing.
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Solution
0
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The first derivative
test
Maximum point
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Maximum
point
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The first derivative test
Test table
+ 0 -
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The first derivative
test
0
0 Minimum point
0 Refer the following graph, point B is
a minimum point. The slope
changes from negative (-ve)to the
left of point and the curve is
positive (+ve) to the right of the
point .
0 If have a minimum point at , then
at .
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The first derivative
test
0 Minimum point
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Minimum
point
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The first derivative test
Test table
- 0 +
Slope
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Example 3
0 Determine the maximum and minimum
points of the function using the First
Derivative Test.
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Solution
0
+ 0 -
Slope
Critical point when
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Second derivative test
0 Suppose is twice differentiable at a
stationary point
0 If then has a relative minimum at .
0 If then has a relative maximum at .
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2nd DERIVATIVE TEST
METHODS
Step on finding max/min points:
3. Substitute x in y(x).
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Example 4
0Locate
and describe the relative extrema of .
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Solution
0
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Solution
0
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Inflection point
0 At the critical point , when:
to the left of ,
and
to the right of
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Concave up
Inflection
point
(0.0)
Concave down
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Example 6
0 Determine the maximum, minimum or
inflection points for the function
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Solution
0
At critical point,
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Solution
0When
, (+ve)
Therefore is a minimum point.
When -2, (-ve)
Therefore is a maximum point.
At inflection point,
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Exercise
0Determine
the maximum, minimum or
inflection points if they exist for each of the
function below:
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