Anda di halaman 1dari 72

GOAL CHPT.

3:

Develop a conceptual
understanding of how
water contributes to the
fitness of Earth for Life
The Water Planet
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(weakintermolecularbond)
Remember,H2Oisa
polarcovalentbond
+ +
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(weakintermolecularbond)
eachmolecule
canbondtomax.
of4neighbor
moleculesvia.
hydrogenbond
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(intermolecularbond)
weakbond
constantly
reforming
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
1)Cohesion
*waterstickstowater
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
1)Cohesion
APBio
1st&4thperiod
HOBBY
Room121
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
2)Adhesion(adhesive)
*Waterstickstoother
surfaces
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
2)Adhesion

*Water
attractedto
other
surfaces
Water transport in trees
uses Cohesion and Adhesion
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
3)HighSurfaceTension
*Cohesionofwatermolecules
toeachotheratthesurfaceof
thebodyofwater.
Waterisdifficulttostretchor
breakthesurface.
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life: 4)High SpecificHeat =

amountofheatenergy
neededtoraise1g.ofa
substance10C
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life: 4)High SpecificHeat =

Ittakesalotofheatfor
watertoincrease1oC
b/c of the hydrogen bonds!!!

waterisabletoabsorb
heat,withoutincreasing
intemperature,better
thanmanysubstances
Comparedwithmostother
substances,waterabsorbs
FARMOREHEATbefore
itraises1oCintemp.

b/c the heat first must break the


hydrogen bonds, AND THEN
the molecules of water can
begin to move!!!
Asaresult:
*)Waterstabilizestemperatures.=
Waterstabilizestemperatures.
actsasaheatsink
H20absorbsandstoresMUCHheat
fromsun&air
Waterstabilizestemp.=
Forwatertoincreaseintemp.water
moleculesmustbemadetomovefasterthis
requiresbreakinghydrogenbonds,and
THATabsorbsheat.
therefore:
Waterwillchange
temperaturelesswhen
itabsorbsorloosesan
amountofheatthan
othersubstances
Watersmoderatingeffect
ontheclimateunderwater
Water is also able to retain
heat better than many
substances (resists
cooling)

For water to decrease in temp. water


molecules must be made to move more
slowly. This requires forming hydrogen
bonds. The forming of H-bonds gives off
heat (hence counteracting cooling
tendencies as heat is lost from liquid water)
heatmeasureof
totalK.Energyof
moleculedueto
molecularmotion
temp.measuresaverage
speedofthemolecule
Water is also able to retain
heat better than many
substances (resists
cooling)

As a result, the air around the cooling


water becomes warm
(remember.. The forming of H-bonds gives
off heat!)
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
*)Heatofvaporization=high
Amount of energy needed to change a
substance to a gas.

-Water resists evaporating


(vaporizing) b/c H-bonds must be
broken in order for water to transition
from liquid to the gas state.
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
*)EvaporativeCooling=high

evaporativecoolingthemolecules
thatremainafterevaporationare
cooler
TheWaterthatremains
iscooler
Evaporative Cooling
I'mnotouttheresweatingfor
threehourseverydayjusttofind
outwhatitfeelsliketosweat.

MichaelJordan
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
5)Lessdenseasasolid
thanliquid
BodiesofH2Odo
notfreezefrom
bottomup
Solids and Liquids
Water Benzene

Floats Sinks
Stable H- unstable H-
bonds bonds
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent
AbilityofWatertodissolvesome
substancesandnotothers

H2Odissolvessubstancestowhichitcanreadily
Hbondattractedtob/cthesubstancehasa
fullorpartialcharge.
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent
Hydrophilicionic&polar
Hydrophilic compnds
loveswaterex.salt
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent

Hydrophobicnonpolarcompnds
Hydrophobic
repelswaterex.cellmembrane/lipids
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
8)DissociationofWaterMolecules
p+ e
+

H3O+ OH

watercansometimessplit
intotwoions
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
8)DissociationofWaterMolecules
p+ e
+

H3O+ OH
hydronium hydroxide

watercansometimessplitintotwoionsb/c
theattractiveforceoftheoxygenissogreat
pH
p=power(percentage)ofhydronium
(hydrogenions)
ThisiswhatpHmeasures
ind.H2O,THISoccurringissuper
RARE!!!!

p+ e
+

H3O+ OH
hydronium hydroxide
p+ e
+

H3O+ OH

pureH20hasan(almost)equalamountof
each
pHmeasurestheconcentrationof
H+
pH = -log [H+]
(concentration of H+ ions)

pH = -log of 1 in 10,000,000
chance of the dissociation
happening in d. H2O

pH = -log [1X 10-7] put


that in your calculator
and what do you get?????
pH = -log [1X 10-7] put
that in your calculator
and what do you get?????

You get 7
pHmeasurestheconcentrationof
H+
ex. HCl
(everyone knows this
ACID)
Put it in water what
will happen?

H+ Cl-
The concentrationof H+ in the
water is now much more
Now, we could say that
the concentration of H+ is
no longer 1 in 10,000,000

It could be 1 in 100

pH = - log [1 in 100]
pH = - log [1 X 10-2]
Hydrogenion=acid>increasesH+
Hydroxideion=base>reducesH+
ex. NaOH
(everyone knows this
BASE)
Put it in water what
will happen?

Na+ OH-
What will those H+ ions that
are broken off of water do?
They will combine to
the OH-

Na+ OH-
H+

H20
For a neutral solution:
[H+] is 1in 10,000,000
or - log 10-7
or - (-7)
or 7

H OH =10
+ 14
H+ OH =1014
H+= 106 OH= 108
H+= 108 OH= 106

Acceptablebiologicalrange
Acid
precipitation
normal
precipitation
Acid Rain
Acidification of
oceans

dissociates

Supposedto
beusedfor
theanimals
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH
>bufferacceptsH+fromthe
solutionwhenthesolutionistoo
acidic

ex.Carbonicacidinblood
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH

>bufferdonatesH+tothe
solutionwhenthesolutionistoo
basic
In pure water the
concentration of each ion is
10-7 M

The molecular weight of a


substance in grams.
One Avogadros number of
molecules.
6.02 X 1023
One Mole of each
Sugar

Copper Sulfate

Sulfur

Mercury Oxide Sodium Chloride

Copper
Dr. Otto Warburg discovered a cause of cancer in 1923 and he
received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for doing so in
1931.
Dr. Warburg was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now
Max Planck Institute) for cell physiology at Berlin. He
investigated the metabolism of tumors and the respiration of
cells, particularly cancer cells.

Hediscovered,amongotherthings,thatcancerouscellscanlive
anddevelop,evenintheabsenceofoxygen.
Wehavemadealotofbadchoicesandletourdailyairandwater
becomepolluted,andthispollutionhasincreasinglybeencollecting
insideus.

Deprive your cells of enough oxygen for


a long enough period of time and
disease will develop. Dr. Warburg's
research has proven that when a 35%
decrease in oxygen is prevalent, cancer
can develop within 48 hours.
Thischroniclowoxygenconditionthatweallhavecauses
ourcellularoxygenlevelstodropsoourbloodbecomes
moreandmorepolluted.Acidicbloodsetsthestagefor
somediseases.Theincreasingratesofviralinfectionsand
cancersarenotbycoincidence.
Ourtoolowcelloxygenlevelsencouragetoxicbuildups
ACIDICandthegrowthofanaerobic(can'tliveinactive
oxygen)microbessuchasbacteria,viruses,fungi,and
otherpathogensinsideusandinsideouranimalsand
pets,andinourplants.
Anaerobesandtoxicityslowlybuildingupand
overtakingusuntilwebreakdownaretheultimatecause
ofmosthuman,animal,andplanthealthproblemsas
wellasbeingtheprecursorstothewholelistof
'incurable'diseases.
Cancerous tissues are acidic,
whereas healthy tissues are
alkaline.
Evolutionary advantage

Assists in the survival of


the individual organism
in turn, prolongs the
longevity of the specie
Emergent Properties of
water

It has everything to do
with the
H-bond!!
Summary chpt. 3
Be able to discuss the properties of
water.

Be able to measure solution


concentrations in Molarity.

Be able to work pH scale


questions.

Anda mungkin juga menyukai