3:
Develop a conceptual
understanding of how
water contributes to the
fitness of Earth for Life
The Water Planet
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(weakintermolecularbond)
Remember,H2Oisa
polarcovalentbond
+ +
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(weakintermolecularbond)
eachmolecule
canbondtomax.
of4neighbor
moleculesvia.
hydrogenbond
Thepolarityofwater
moleculesresultsin
moleculesresultsin
HYDROGENBONDING
(intermolecularbond)
weakbond
constantly
reforming
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
1)Cohesion
*waterstickstowater
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
1)Cohesion
APBio
1st&4thperiod
HOBBY
Room121
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
2)Adhesion(adhesive)
*Waterstickstoother
surfaces
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
2)Adhesion
*Water
attractedto
other
surfaces
Water transport in trees
uses Cohesion and Adhesion
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
3)HighSurfaceTension
*Cohesionofwatermolecules
toeachotheratthesurfaceof
thebodyofwater.
Waterisdifficulttostretchor
breakthesurface.
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life: 4)High SpecificHeat =
amountofheatenergy
neededtoraise1g.ofa
substance10C
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life: 4)High SpecificHeat =
Ittakesalotofheatfor
watertoincrease1oC
b/c of the hydrogen bonds!!!
waterisabletoabsorb
heat,withoutincreasing
intemperature,better
thanmanysubstances
Comparedwithmostother
substances,waterabsorbs
FARMOREHEATbefore
itraises1oCintemp.
evaporativecoolingthemolecules
thatremainafterevaporationare
cooler
TheWaterthatremains
iscooler
Evaporative Cooling
I'mnotouttheresweatingfor
threehourseverydayjusttofind
outwhatitfeelsliketosweat.
MichaelJordan
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
5)Lessdenseasasolid
thanliquid
BodiesofH2Odo
notfreezefrom
bottomup
Solids and Liquids
Water Benzene
Floats Sinks
Stable H- unstable H-
bonds bonds
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent
AbilityofWatertodissolvesome
substancesandnotothers
H2Odissolvessubstancestowhichitcanreadily
Hbondattractedtob/cthesubstancehasa
fullorpartialcharge.
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent
Hydrophilicionic&polar
Hydrophilic compnds
loveswaterex.salt
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
6)WaterisversatileSolvent
Hydrophobicnonpolarcompnds
Hydrophobic
repelswaterex.cellmembrane/lipids
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
8)DissociationofWaterMolecules
p+ e
+
H3O+ OH
watercansometimessplit
intotwoions
PropertiesofWaterthat
contributetoitsimportantsfor
life:
8)DissociationofWaterMolecules
p+ e
+
H3O+ OH
hydronium hydroxide
watercansometimessplitintotwoionsb/c
theattractiveforceoftheoxygenissogreat
pH
p=power(percentage)ofhydronium
(hydrogenions)
ThisiswhatpHmeasures
ind.H2O,THISoccurringissuper
RARE!!!!
p+ e
+
H3O+ OH
hydronium hydroxide
p+ e
+
H3O+ OH
pureH20hasan(almost)equalamountof
each
pHmeasurestheconcentrationof
H+
pH = -log [H+]
(concentration of H+ ions)
pH = -log of 1 in 10,000,000
chance of the dissociation
happening in d. H2O
You get 7
pHmeasurestheconcentrationof
H+
ex. HCl
(everyone knows this
ACID)
Put it in water what
will happen?
H+ Cl-
The concentrationof H+ in the
water is now much more
Now, we could say that
the concentration of H+ is
no longer 1 in 10,000,000
It could be 1 in 100
pH = - log [1 in 100]
pH = - log [1 X 10-2]
Hydrogenion=acid>increasesH+
Hydroxideion=base>reducesH+
ex. NaOH
(everyone knows this
BASE)
Put it in water what
will happen?
Na+ OH-
What will those H+ ions that
are broken off of water do?
They will combine to
the OH-
Na+ OH-
H+
H20
For a neutral solution:
[H+] is 1in 10,000,000
or - log 10-7
or - (-7)
or 7
H OH =10
+ 14
H+ OH =1014
H+= 106 OH= 108
H+= 108 OH= 106
Acceptablebiologicalrange
Acid
precipitation
normal
precipitation
Acid Rain
Acidification of
oceans
dissociates
Supposedto
beusedfor
theanimals
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH
>bufferacceptsH+fromthe
solutionwhenthesolutionistoo
acidic
ex.Carbonicacidinblood
Buffers>Materials that have both
acid and base forms in a solution.
>Minimizes changes in pH
>bufferdonatesH+tothe
solutionwhenthesolutionistoo
basic
In pure water the
concentration of each ion is
10-7 M
Copper Sulfate
Sulfur
Copper
Dr. Otto Warburg discovered a cause of cancer in 1923 and he
received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for doing so in
1931.
Dr. Warburg was director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute (now
Max Planck Institute) for cell physiology at Berlin. He
investigated the metabolism of tumors and the respiration of
cells, particularly cancer cells.
Hediscovered,amongotherthings,thatcancerouscellscanlive
anddevelop,evenintheabsenceofoxygen.
Wehavemadealotofbadchoicesandletourdailyairandwater
becomepolluted,andthispollutionhasincreasinglybeencollecting
insideus.
It has everything to do
with the
H-bond!!
Summary chpt. 3
Be able to discuss the properties of
water.