SCATTER

DIAGRAM
Presented by -:
Tejashree desai- 12
Sweta gala- 14
Mansi patel- 38
Jignesh rathod- 45
What it is ?
 A scatter diagram is a tool for analyzing relationships between
two variables. One variable is plotted on the horizontal axis
and the other is plotted on the vertical axis.
 The pattern of their intersecting points can graphically show
relationship patterns.
 Most often a scatter diagram is used to prove or disprove
cause-and-effect relationships. While the diagram shows
relationships, it does not by itself prove that one variable
causes the other.
 In addition to showing possible cause and effect relationships,
a scatter diagram can show that two variables are from a
common cause that is unknown or that one variable can be
used as a surrogate for the other.
When to use it ?
 Use a scatter diagram to examine theories about
cause-and-effect relationships and to search for root
causes of an identified problem.

 Use a scatter diagram to design a control system to

ensure that gains from quality improvement efforts are
maintained.
How to use it ?
 Collect data. Gather 50 to 100 paired samples of data that
show a possible relationship.
 Draw the diagram. Draw roughly equal horizontal and
vertical axes of the diagram, creating a square plotting
area.
 Label the axes in convenient multiples (1, 2, 5, etc.)
increasing on the horizontal axes from left to right and on
the vertical axis from bottom to top. Label both axes.
 Plot the paired data. Plot the data on the chart, using
concentric circles to indicate repeated data points.
Scatter Diagrams

A Scatter Diagram is a graph of unconnected points

When drawing graphs, we must remember to do the following

things:
1. Always give the graph a title
2. Always label both axis, including correct units
3. Choose a sensible scale
4. Plot your points carefully (x first, y second)
SCATTER
DIAGRAM

Interpreting Them
 Interpret the data : Scatter diagrams will generally show one of six
possible correlations between the variables:
 Strong Positive Correlation The value of Y clearly increases as the value of
X increases.
 Strong Negative Correlation The value of Y clearly decreases as the value
of X increases.
 Weak Positive Correlation The value of Y increases slightly as the value of
X increases.
 Weak Negative Correlation The value of Y decreases slightly as the value of
X increases.
 Complex Correlation The value of Y seems to be related to the value of X,
but the relationship is not easily determined.
 No Correlation There is no demonstrated connection between the two
variables.
Here is a table showing the results of two examinations set to students
that I teach. I set them a maths exam and an English exam and record
the scores that they get in both:

John Betty Sarah Peter Fiona Charlie Tim Gerry MartineRachel

Maths score 72 65 80 36 50 21 79 64 44 55
English
78 70 81 31 55 29 74 64 47 53
score

We take a piece of graph paper and draw two axes. The horizontal axis will
represent the score on the English exam. The vertical axis will represent the
score on the Maths exam. For each student, we then mark a small dot at the co-
ordinates representing their two scores.
The fact that the points lie close to the straight line is called a strong correlation. The
fact that this line points upwards to right - indicating that the English mark tends to
increase as the maths mark increases - is called a positive correlation.
LESSON OBJECTIVE
 To be able to interpret Scatter Diagrams
 To understand the terms Correlation and the Line of
Best Fit
 Conclusion:
• The relationship between two variables is called a Correlation
• A line of best-fit is a line which helps us to identify the type of
correlation (positive, negative, no correlation) & make
predictions
• The line of best fit is drawn so that the points are evenly
distributed on either side of the line
• The closer the dots to the line, the stronger the correlation
Remember:
1. The line of best fit is a STRAIGHT LINE
2. It DOES NOT have to pass through the origin
3. It DOES NOT have to go through each point