1.6.4.9 - Infeksi Opurtunistik
1.6.4.9 - Infeksi Opurtunistik
OPPORTUNISTIK
Immunocompromis Non-
ed immunocompromised
Hematologi
c Bayi
Pasien onkology dg
neutropenia Non Operasi
hematologi intraabdome
Pasien yg mendpt c n
transplantasi Parenteral
nutrisi
Pasien yg mendpt
obat
Dialisa
immunosupresif c/
steroid
CVC
Pasien dg HIV/AIDS
AB
spektrum
luas
Diabetes
Infeksi opportunistik
Pneumonia bakteri
Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia
Histoplasmosis
Tuberkulosis
Sifilis
Mucocutaneous candidiasis
Aspergilosis
Cryptosporidiosis
Mycobacterium avium complek disesae
Cryptococcus
Cytomegalo virus (CMV) disease
Hepatitis B dan C
profilak treatme
sis nt
Candidiasis
Terapi
Gol azol: flukonazol 100mg/hr PO
clotrimazol troches 10 mg Po, 5x/hr,
Cytomegalo virus (CMV) disease
Lab:
Diagnosis infeksi CMV tergantung pada:
1. deteksi histopatologi CMV (inklusi inti owls eye)
2. Deteksi DNA virus atau antigen di darah PCR
3. Isolasi virus dari jaringan atau sekresi.
4. adanya serokonversi
(terlambat produksi IgM spesifik CMV)
IFA, EIA
inklusi inti owls eye
Terapi
Terapi CMV retinitis: ganciclovir iv 3 minggu dosis 7.5-
15mg/kg/hari dibagi 3 dosis selama 14-21 hari,
diikuti maintenen 5- 6mg/kg/hari selama 5-7 hari
seminggu untuk mencegah relaps.
Pneumocystis Jiroveci pneumonia (PCP)
Transmisi:
Reaktivasi infeksi laten
Airborne
Tanda/Gejala
90% pada CD4< 200 cells/L atau CD4< 15%
Progressive hari-minggu
Exertional dyspnea
Fever
Nonproductive cough
Labs
PaO2 at room air
LDH > 500 mg/dL
Chest X-ray
Early on, X-ray will appear normal
Later in disease, will see diffuse, bilateral infiltrates; no
cavitation or pleural effusion
CT scan
Ground-glass attenuation
Transmisi:
Lingkungan
Inhalasi, tertelan, atau inokulasi mll sal. Nafas/sal cerna
Orang-orang jarang
Tanda/gejala
Risiko tinggi pada pasien dg CD4 < 50 cell/ul
Disseminated multiorgan infection
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)
Limfadenitis servikal, pneumonitis, perikarditis,
osteomyelitis, SSTI, ulkus genital, infeksi CNS
Diagnosis: gejala klinis, kultur (darah, sum-sum
tulang,jaringan, cairan tubuh steril), pulasan BTA,
Rontgen abdomen atau mediastinum
Th/ profilaksis
Profilaksis
Azitromisin 1200 mg PO 4x/mgg
Clarithromycin 500 mg PO BID
When to start? When to stop?
Primary prophylaxis Primary prophylaxis
CD4< 50 cells/L
CD4 > 100 cells/L for > 3
months stlh th HAART
Secondary prophylaxis
Lanjutan terapi awal Secondary prophylaxis
Restart ketika CD4 < 100
Completed treatment
cell/ul
course of > 12 months
Asymptomatic
CD4 > 100 cells/L for > 6
months due to HAART