RC Detailing to BS 8110

S A Karunaratne
29-01-2013
(I) Paper & Envelope Sizes & Drawing Sizes

(II) Title Panel, Scales, Line Thickness & Abbreviations

(III) Layouts, Axes & Grid Lines & G A Drawings

(IV) Levels & Dimensions

(V) Slabs & Beams

(VI) What is presented ?
Columns & Walls

(VII) Staircases
(IIX) Corbels & Nibs

(IX) Footings, Piles & Pile Caps

(X) Bar Bending Schedules

(XI) What should be done & what should not be done

Paper & Envelope sizes
Sizes of Paper A & B & Envelopes C are
defined by halving preceding size

5
6
3
4
A1 A0
A2

Size A Paper fits to same size Envelope e.g., A4 to C4

Size B Paper fits to one number lower size Envelope e.g., B4 to C3

Design
stage
changes
Title Panel should include:
Main & Associated Consultants (If Applicable)

Project Title

Clients Name (If Applicable)

Drawing Title

Drawn by (Name)
Designed by (Name)

Checked by (Name & Signature)

Approved by (Name & Signature)

Scales & drawn Scale

Office Job Number

Drawing Number & Space for Revision Suffix

Date of Drawing

Office of origin of Drawing

Copy Right Protection Statement
Recommended sizes of drawings
General Arrangement Drawings (G A) : A1
Reinforcement Drawings : A1
Details : A3 & A4

Recommended scales
GA 1 : 100 Wall & Slab details 1 : 50
Beam & Column elevations 1 : 50 Beam & Column sections 1 : 20

Recommended thickness of lines

Dimensions & center lines 0.25mm
Concrete outlines & G A drawings 0.35mm
Concrete outlines & R/F drawings 0.35mm
Links, hoops & cross-ties 0.35 0.7mm
Main R/F bars 0.7mm
 Changes & Revisions should include:
Suffix; numeral for changes 1, 2, 3, ----- & letters for revisions A, B, C, --

Brief description of revision

Revision made by (Name & Signature)

Date of revision

Cloud revised details

A Beam depth changed 300 to 450 S AK 24-06-2008

Revision Description Made by Signature Date

Notes should include:
Cross references to GA Drgs

Cross references to connected Detail Drgs

List of abbreviations

(i) Main bar size minus link size (40 -10) = 30mm
Grade of concrete

(ii) Exposure moderate - C40 30mm

Cover to R/F
(iii) 1 hour fire resistance 20mm

(iv) 20 mm aggregate size 20mm

30mm
BS 8110 Exposure conditions
Specify nominal cover to all reinforcement
including links

o Mild
Protected from weather or aggressive conditions

o Moderate Sheltered from severe rain, subject

condensation, continuously under water, in contact
with non-aggressive soil

o Severe Exposed to severe rain, alternate

wetting and drying or severe condensation

o Very severe Exposed to sea water spray,

corrosive fumes

o Extreme Exposed to abrasive action or

machinery or vehicles
BS 8110 Table 3.4 Nominal cover
to meet durability requirements
Condition of exposure Nominal cover
mm mm mm mm mm
Mild 25 20 20 20 20
Moderate - 35 30 25 20
Severe - - 40 30 25
Very severe - - 50 40 30
Extreme - - - 60 50
Max. w/c ratio 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 0.45

Min. cement (kg/m3) 275 300 325 350 400

Lowest concrete grade C30 C35 C40 C45 C50

Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Table is for normal-weight aggregate of 20mm nominal max. size

BS 8110 Table 3.5 Nominal
cover to meet fire requirements
Fire Nominal cover
Beams Floors Ribs Columns
resistance
SS Cts SS Cts SS Cts
h mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
0.5 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
1.5 20 20 25 20 35 20 20
2 40 30 35 25 45 35 25
3 60 40 45 35 55 45 25
4 70 50 55 45 65 55 25

Cover may be reduced to 15mm aggregate not exceeding 15mm

Additional measures are required to reduce spalling

Cover to main R/F given in Tables 4.2 & 4.3 is considered.

BS 8110: Part 1: Section 7.3
COVER TO REINFORCEMENT
Reference to EuroCodes
BS EN 206-1 Concrete Part 1:
Specification, Performance, production &
conformity
BS 8500-1 Concrete Part 1: 2002
Method of specifying & guidance for
the specifier

BS 8500-2 Concrete Part 2: 2002

Specification for constituent
materials & concrete ; BS 5328 withdrawn
1-12-2003
A List of Abbreviations
ABR = Alternate Bar Reversed Blk = block work

Bw = Both ways B = Bottom

Bwk = Brick work Crs = Centres

= Centre Line dia or = Diameter

drg = drawing EF = Each face

EGWL = Existing ground water level EL = Existing level
FF = Front face FFL = Finished floor level
FS = Full size H = High tensile steel

horiz = Horizontal R = Mild steel / Round bars

NF = Near face NTS = Not to scale

pkt = pocket RC = Reinforced concrete

RRM = Random rubble masonry SFL = Structural floor level

T = Top vert = vertical

Recommended practices in drawing preparation

Site Plan drgs : should show North Point N

All other drgs : to site plan orientation

Continuation drgs : provide key plan / portion covered

provide reference continuation drg numbers

R/F drgs : show large openings; upto 150 x 150 mm &

150 holes need not be shown; but refer to

drgs

As-Built or Record drgs: amend original drawings as constructed

ORIENTATION OF DRAWINGS
Detailed Area is marked in Key Plan
Grid lines & Axes
LUC

Axes commence at LLC and up.

Omit I and O

Grids commence at LUC and right

Columns A1, A2 are at intersection of

A & 1, A & 2 etc
LLC

Beam reference is panel LLC

column identification & a suffix
say A11, A12 etc
Structural General Arrangement Drawing
(BASED ON ORIGINAL DRAWING BY OTHERS)
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING
Concrete Grades in High Rise
Buildings
Building Structures are Designed
from top (roof) to bottom (foundations)

Building Structures are usually construc

from foundations to roof

Therefore typical details should be refe

from bottom (foundation level) to
top (roof level) and not from top to bott
to avoid confusion at construction stage
Levels in metres

(a) For major works use Ordnance Survey (OS) datum

(b) Civil & major Building works use a TBM or transferred OS datum

(c) For minor works use a job datum wrt a suitable fixed point

On plan levels are indicated within a rectangle and preferably

described SSL
155.075

On Elevations & Sections project beyond drawing with closed

arrowhead FFL SSL
155.075

50
Dimensioning recommendations

Unit for layouts and levels is metre; say 2.450, 128.400, 9.125m

Unit for R/F and sections is millimeter; say 5, 35, 2575 (can avoid
writing mm and dimension to whole mm)

Place dimensions above and not through dimension lines or not

inside details. Place to view from bottom or RHS of drg.

G A drgs should give setting out dimension & sizes of members

Dimensions in R/F drgs only to show correct location of R/F.

GENERAL ARRANGEMENT DRAWING
SHOWING DIMENSIONING AND LEVELS
SLABS 1
BAR CURTAILMENT
SIMPLE RULES
SLABS 2
BAR ANCHORAGE
TYPICAL ONE-WAY SPANNING SLAB
TYPICAL

TWO-WAY

SLAB
SLAB R/F ARRANGEMENT
TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 1
Flat Slab Raft Foundation & Column R/F Starter Bars
TYPICAL FLAT-SLAB PANEL 2
Flat Slab Raft Foundation with a Deep Beam at Change of Levels
Joints in Slabs 1
Control joints a retooled, sawed,
or pre-moulded joints to allow for
shrinkage of large concrete areas.
Control joints create a weakened
section that induce cracking to
occur along the joint, rather than
in a random fashion.

Isolation joints provide a

separation between a slab on
grade and columns or walls, so
that each can move
independently.
Expansion Joints 2

In a 100mm thick concrete walkway, what is the typical spacing for

expansion joints? 6m on center
accommodates movement due to both
expansion and contraction
EXPANSION JOINTS 3
BEAMS 1
BAR CURTAILMENTS
SIMPLE RULES 1
BEAMS 2
BEAMS 3
ANCHORAGE &
LAP LENGTHS
Beam R/F Detailing Methods
(i) If pre-assembled main R/F, hanger bars & links stopped 50mm
short of face of support & splice bars used at supports.
(ii) If assembled at works - Span main bars lapped at or near the
support. Link support bars lapped with ends of top main bars.
(iii) Max. link space 0.75d longitudinal & 150mm horizontal space
between tension bars
(iv) Max. area Asc or Ast <= 4%bh; Min. Asc > = 0.2 & Ast >= 0.13
(V) Maxim. Clear Distance between tension bars
ab<=160 Short line at 300 Calling up of
and tagged bars approx. at
mid of bar

DETAIL OF SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM

DETAILS OF CONTINOUS BEAMS
 Holes in Concrete Beams: Circular preferable
(1) Checks required (a) Shear capacity and (b) Moment Capacity
(2) Additional stirrups and longitudinal bars and trimmer bars are required
(3) If long rectangular hole unavoidable, frame with Vierendeel-type truss
(4) Locate holes around o 1/3 span if possible
(5) If many holes are required design the beam oversize
(6) Sizes of vertical holes limit to b/4 & horizontal holes h/4
ab <= 160
sb =<250; = 16
sb =<150; F = 12 for

Correct & wrong practices

Even in EC2
A very deep beam shows link arrangement
 SIMPLE COLUMN DETAIL
(1) Main R/F Max. 6%bh; Min 0.4%bh;
Max area at laps 10%bh
(2) Min. Bar size 12mm; circular columns
6 number of bars
(3) Min. joggle offset = 2 + 10% tolerance
(4) Min. joggle length 10 x centre-line-
offset or 300mm Min.
(5) Allow 75mm for kicker

(6) Min. size of link of largest vertical bar

(7) Max. pitch 12 smallest compression bar
(8) All vertical bars to be tied if space > 150mm
and all alternate bars to be tied by links
(9) Maximum space between main R/F;
Compression
<=300
Tension
DETAILS OF COLUMNS 1
ACI 318-02 in new Appendix A
recommends hooking bars towards
the center of the column to develop
full flexural strength of the column.
 For shrinkage effects Fy 250 460
(a) Min. R/F both vertical & horizontal 1 face or 0.3% 0.25%

each face 0.15% 0.125%

(b) Vertical R/F; (i) Min. Asc = 0.4% (0.2% each face)
(ii) Max. Asc = 4%

(iii) When Asc > 2%; Max. bar space >= 16 x vertical
bar size
WALL VERTICAL R/F INSIDE & HORIZONTAL R/F OUTSIDE
DETAILS OF WALLS
R/F of wall showing horizontal bar placement in outer layer
WALL R/F ASSEMBLY
RETAINING WALL DETAILS SHOWS OUTER
HORIZONTAL R/F
STAIRCASE R/F DETAILS
DETAILS OF STAIRCASES
DO NOT BEND THIS
WAY

CORBELS
NIBS
PAD FOOTING 1
Pad Foundations with Schedule
DETAILS OF FOUNDATIONS 2 PAD FOOTING & SCHEDULE
Detailing of Pile Locations & Pile Cap Drawings
(1)Show the pile centers wrt grid lines
(2) Do not indicate dimensions from grid lines to site boundaries
(3) Indicate cut off levels and anticipated rock levels
(4) Indicate concrete grade, cover to reinforcement
(5) Pile diameters, Identity of Pile, Pile Groups and number of piles
(6) Pile cap dimensions
(7) Indicate column or wall starters
(8) Show the radius of bend of main reinforcement of piles
(9) Provide outer (peripheral) bursting reinforcement T16@200
(10) Indicate pitch of links if different at top and the rest of the pile l
(11) Indicate whether the links are helical or circular
(12) Use nominal top reinforcement in large pile caps to avoid shrink

i.e. 0.13bh, where

h= 250
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 1
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 2
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 3
Tie beams detailed at the top of pile cap
to reduce construction difficulties.
Refer Pile Design & construction
practice by M J Tomlinson Section 7.8
DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 4
(DETAILING PILES & PILE CAPS 5)
Bar bending scheduling to BS 8666, BSI 2000
SHEET 1 BAR SHAPES

7T16- 05 (a to g) -100 B1

SEVEN NUMBERS HIGH TENSILE

SIXTEEN MM DIAMETER BAR MARK

ZERO FIVE VARYING LENGTH a TO h

AT HUNDRED MM CENTERS AT

BOTTOM OUTER LAYER

SHEET 2 BAR SHAPES
SHEET 3 BAR SHAPES
SHEET 6 MIN SCHEDULING RADIUS
AND BEND ALLOWANCES
What should and should not be done by Junior Structural Design
Engineers
(1)Study the scope of works, and understand the Architectural
drawings
(2) Discuss with senior engineers the concept and develop the
GA Drawings
(3) Obtain approval from architects the GA drawings
(4) Discuss with Building Services Engineers ducts & opening
sizes ect.
(5) Discuss with Architect, Services Engineers the clear depth
between
beam soffit & ceilings
(6) Use computer meaningfully and double check the outputs
with should
What simple and
manual calculations
should not be done by
(7) draughtspersons
Obtain approval of sketches from senior engineers prior to
(1)Study and understand the Architectural drawings
draughting
(2)Check whether the sketches are signed by senior engineers
(8) Check drawings prior to obtaining senior engineers signature
(3)Study the sketches and if doubtful check with the designer
in drawings
(4)Do not blindly copy (cut and paste) from other details without
understanding
(5)If schedules are not given elevate all beams in one direction in
some order without mixing up in other direction beams
(6)Give cross reference to typical details of lower levels not from top
levels
Thank you