(AZITROMYCIN)
TABLETS/SUSPENSION.
250MG, 500MG
200MG/5ML(15ML)
What are cells?
Cells are the
structural units of
the body. All living
things are made of
cells. The Amoeba is
one of the simplest
of living organisms;
it exists in water and
consists of only one
cell. Cell requires
food and oxygen for
living
What is a tissue?
Cells combine to
form a tissue. If the
cells are building
bricks of the body,
the tissues must be
the walls
What is organ?
An organ is a
collection of
tissues joined
in a structural
unit to serve
a common
function
What is system?
Organs work
together to form an
organ system, such
as the Respiratory
System, Urinary
System. All of the
organ systems make
a living organism
Respiratory System
Urinary System
Nephron
When trying to understand antibiotic
effect we have to first understand
bacteria and its types; this will help
us to understand mode of action of
antibiotic.
Bacteriology
Microbiology
The science which deals with the study of micro organisms is
known as microbiology.
Micro-organism
Tiny creatures invisible to naked eyes, micro-organism can only
be seen by the help of a microscope.
Types of micro-organisms
Bacteria.
Viruses.
Fungi, yeast.
Bacteria
Bacteria are
prokaryotes (unicellular
micro-organisms With
no membrane enclosed
nucleus) with simple
structures That typically
range in size from
About 0.5 to 20
micrometers. They
have a rigid cell wall
made of peptidoglycan,
which Maintains their
characteristic shape &
multiply by binary
fission
Gram + Ve And Gram Ve
Bacteria
Bacteria are differentiated
on the basis of their ability to
hold or lose violet iodine
combinations in the
presence of alcohol.
Streptococcus pyogenes
Those which hold violet dye
are called gram +ve
bacteria. Those, which are
decolorized by alcohol &
take the red counter strain
are called gram ve bacteria.
Hemophilus ; Pseudomonas ;
Salmonella . E. coli.
An-aerobic bacteria: Which only survive in
the absence of oxygen. Clostridium tetani.
CLASSIFICATION OF ANTIBIOTICS
Antibiotics may be classified into two groups on the basis of their mode
of
action.
Bacteriostatic agents: Which inhibit the growth of bacteria.e.g.
Macrolides (Both)
Bactericidal agents: Which kill bacteria. e.g. Cephalosporins.
Antibiotics may be classified into two groups on the basis of their
coverage
spectrum.
Narrow spectrum antibiotics: Those which covers only gram-
positive or only gram negative bacteria.
Broad spectrum antibiotics: Those which are effective against
both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Classification Of Antimicrobial Agents By
Mechanism Of Action
MECHANISM OF ACTION AGENTS
Penicillins, Cephalosporins,
Inhibition of synthesis or damage to Monobactams,
cell Carbapenems, Bacitracin, Vancomycin,
wall Cycloserine
Inhibition of synthesis or damage to Polymyxins,Polyene antifungals
Cytoplasmic membrane.
Quinolones, Rifampin, Nitrofurantoin,
Inhibition of synthesis or metabolism Nitroimidazoles.
of
Nucleic acid
Macrolides (Azithromycin)
Inhibition of protien synthesis Aminoglycosides, Tetracyclines,
Choloramphenicol, Erythromycin,
Clindamycin, Spectinomycin.
It is the sudden
constriction
of bronchial tubes due
to
contraction of
involuntary
muscle in their walls.
Skin & Soft Tissue Infection
Boils
Acute inflammatory condition surrounding the hair follicle caused by
Staphylococcus aureus , it has one opening for drainage in
contrast to carbuncle which has many openings.
Carbuncles
An infection of skin & subcutaneous tissues composed of clusters of
boil. Generally main cause is Staphylococcus aureus.
Pyoderma
An acute, specific infectious disease, caused by streptococcal
inflammation of skin & subcutaneous tissues, accompanied by
fever & constitutional disturbances
Erysipelas
A serious, toxin-spreading infection of dermis caused by
streptococcus pyogenes. Lesions are tender, red & inflamed with
sharply defined hardened area. Lesions frequently occur on face &
extremities
ACNE VULGARIS
Acne vulgaris (or acne) is a common human skin
disease, characterized by areas of skin with seborrhea
(scaly red skin), papules (pinheads), pustules (pimples),
nodules (large papules) and possibly scarring. (Caused
by Staphyloccocus Epidermidis)
PAPULO-PUSTULAR LESIONS
Describing a rash that contains both papules and
pustules.
Pustule. A pustule is a small inflamed elevation of the
skin which is filled with pus.
Papule. A papule is similar to a pustule except that it
is solid in nature and does not contain pus.
Enteric Fever/Typhoid Fever
Community-acquired
infections
Infection, which are acquired
by through normal contact
with the general community.
Community Acquired Pnuemonia
Generic Name
Azithromycin
Drug Category
Macrolide
Mechanism Of Action
Bioavailability: 38%
Protein binding: 7%
Metabolism: Hepatic
Half-life: 68 hrs.
Time to peak: 2.1-3.2 hrs
Excretion: Renal
Indications