Introduction to

radiation heat
transfer
Radiation heat transfer

The medium through which

the heat is transferred is
usually is not heated
the transfer of heat by
electromagnetic radiation
Mechanism of Radiation Heat
Transfer
The thermal energy of a hot source, such as the wall of
the furnace at T1 is converted into energy in the form of
electromagnetic-radiation waves
These waves travel through the intervening space in
straight lines and strike a cold object at T2
 The electromagnectic waves that strike the body are
absorbed by the body and converted back to thermal
energy or heat
Absorptivity for black bodies
For
opaque bodies:

for a black body:


Kirchoffs law

at the same temperature T1,

1, and 1 of a given
surface are the same

Radiation from a body and
emissivity
Heat flow:
For a gray body <1.0 :

For a perfect black body = 1.0

= 5.676 x 10-8 W/m2K4

4.10B Radiation to a
Small Object from
Surroundings
p 303
Sample Problem (Example 4.10
1)

A small oxidized horizontal metal tube with an

OD of 0.0254 m (1 in.), 0.61 m (2 ft.) long, and
with a surface temperature at 588 K (600 F) is
in a very large furnace enclosure with fire
brick walls and the surrounding air at 1088
K (1500 F). The emissivity of the metal
tube is 0.60 at 1088 K and 0.46 at 588 K.
Calculate the heat transfer to the tube by
radiation using SI and English units.
Stefan Boltzmann Equation

q = A11T14 - A112T24
q = A1 * (1T14 - 12T24)
Components

A1 = area of the small object (m2 or ft2)

T1 = initial temperature of the object (K or R)
T2 = temperature of the large enclosure (K or R)
q = heat flow (W or btu/hr)
1 = emissivity of the body (dimensionless)
= Stefan Boltzmann constant (5.676*10 -8 W/m2*K4)
12 = absorptivity of body 1 for radiation from the
enclosure at T2
Simplified formula

q = A11 * (T14 - T24)

Components

A1 = area of the small object (m2 or ft2)

T1 = initial temperature of the object (K or R)
T2 = temperature of the large enclosure (K or
R)
q = heat flow (W or btu/hr)
1 = emissivity of the body (dimensionless)
= Stefan Boltzmann constant (5.676*10-8
W/m2*K4)
Sample Problem (Example 4.10
1)

A small oxidized horizontal metal tube with

an OD of 0.0254 m (1 in.), 0.61 m (2 ft.)
long, and with a surface temperature at 588
K (600 F) is in a very large furnace
enclosure with fire brick walls and the
surrounding air at 1088 K (1500 F). The
emissivity of the metal tube is 0.60 at 1088
K and 0.46 at 588 K. Calculate the heat
transfer to the tube by radiation using SI and
English units.
Given

T1 = 588 K (600 F)
T2 = 1088 K (1500 F)
1 = 0.60
= 5.676*10-8 W/m2*K4 or 0.1714*10-8
btu/h*ft2*R2
D = 0.0254 m
L = 0.61 m
Solution

q = A11 * (T14 - T24)

A = DL
q = DL1 * (T14 - T24)
SI units

q = DL1 * (T14 - T24)

q = [(0.0254)(0.61)](0.6)(5.676*10-
8)*[(588)4 - (1088)4]

q = -2130 W
English units

q = DL1 * (T14 - T24)

q = [(1/12)(2)](0.6)(0.1714*10-
8)*[(1060)4 - (1960)4]

q = -7270 btu/h