PLATFORM

The continental shelf is

an underwater landmass
which extends from a
continent, resulting in an
area of relatively shallow
water known as a shelf
sea. Much of the shelves
were exposed during
glacial periods and
interglacial periods.
PLATFORM
 PLATFORM

Topography

Sediments

Economic
significance
 PLATFORM
CONTINEN
TAL CARBONATED
PLATFORM PLATFORM

SILICLASTI CARBONAT SILICLASTIC

C ED PLATFORM
PLATFORM PLATFORM
CARBONATED PLATFORMS

CARBONATE
D
PLATFORM
 CARBONATED PLATFORMS

A carbonate platform is a sedimentary

body that has a topographic relief, and
DEFINITION is composed of calcareous
. autochthonous deposits
 CARBONATES
What are
carbonates
?

Examples
TYPES OF CARBONATED
PLATFORMS
Rimme
d shelf

Drowne
Epeiric
d
platfor
platfor
m
m

Isolated
Ramp platfor
m
 RIMMED SHELF

Flat, shallow and restricted. Characterized by

an edge that stops the action of the waves.
Commonly in areas with warm water
RIMMED SHELF
RIMMED SHELF

Accretio Bypas Erosional

nal s
 NON-EDGED CARBONATED
PLATAFORM

Flat, shallow and open without a

pronounced marginal edge.
Common in areas with cold
water.
 RAM
Pchange of plain
* Gradual
water to Deep TYPES OF RAMPS
* There are no drastic
changes in
pending
* The energy is less intense Homocli Distally
than in the nal Steepened
Shelf margin
* Extensive reefs are not
formed in
 HOMOCLIN
AL

Shallow and open.

With uniform and light
deposits common
depositions in both
areas with warm and
cold waters.
 DISTALLY
STEEPENED

increases the
slope gradient as
we move toward
deep areas
deposits of
slumps, turbidites
and common debris
flows
 FACIES OF
RAMPAS
FACIES OF
RAMPAS

BACK SHALLOW DEEP

RAMP RAMP RAMP
 FACIES OF
RAMPAS
BACK
RAMP
Nearshore: Beach
Skeletal and Barrier
Beach
eolitic Lagoon:
Barier: Tidal chanesl
grainstone Bedding dipping and deltas
Peloids also at a low angle Muddy sands
present offshore
Aeolian cross
bedding
FACIES OF
RAMPASSHALLOW
RAMP

grainstones with medium

to small scale cross
stratification

coarser debris
(Rudstones)
FACIES OF
RAMPAS DEEP
RAMP

below strom wave base

skeletal wakestones and

packstones

abundant burrows
 EPEIRIC
PLATFORM
Very wide flat cratonic areas covered by
very shallow seas. The oceanic margin may
be slightly steep and bordered. Common in
warm waters of the Epeian seas of the
Paleozoic and Mesozoic.
 ISOLATED
PLATFORM

Isolated shallow
Banco de las
platforms Bahamas
detached from
the continental
margin
surrounded by
deep water.
Bordered.
 DROWNED
PLATFORM

Submerged
platforms that Bahamas
represent ancestors
of shallow platforms,
either by the rapid
increase of the sea
or by extreme
subsidence
 OCEAN
ATOLLS
Isolated shallow
platforms formed rowley shoals,
Australia
on extinct or
subside
volcanoes.
Surrounded by
deep water.
Bordered
LOCATION OF THE
MAIN PLATFORMS
WILSON STANDARD
FACIES
WILSON STANDARD
FACIES
6 Sand barrier platform edge facies

7 marine facies open

platform
8 Restricted circulation platform
facies

9 Evaporitic platform
facies
DEPOSITS AND TYPES OF
ROCKS
DEPOSITS AND TYPES OF
ROCKS

Precipitation and deposit agent

Sediments

Organic processes
TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF
DEPOSITS AND GRANULOMETRY

MODELS OR TEXTURAL
TYPES
DEPOSITIONAL TEXTURES
-BACKGROUND:
*Algal limestones
* Reef limestones

-TEXTURA GRANUDA
* Oils
* Bioclastic limestones
* Extraclastic limestones

-LODOSA TEXT
* Slimy limestones
* Muddy limestones
* Muddy Dolomites

-THE CRYSTALLINE
* Crystalline limestone
 DIAGENETIC
TEXTURES
-THE CRYSTALLINE

*Crystalline limestone
* Crystal Dolomites
PLATFORM SILICLASTIC

SILICLAS
TIC
PLATFOR
M
PLATFORM SILICLASTIC

Are shallow seas with siliciclastic

sedimentation, which are located near the
coasts and with very flat slopes.
 PLATFORM SILICLASTIC

TYPES OF SHALLOW
SEAS
PLATFORM
SILICLASTIC

Epicontinental
sea
PLATFORM SILICLASTIC

Pericontinental
sea
PLATFORM SILICLASTIC
Sedimentation in the siliciclastic
platform
Types of sediments on
the platform

- Detritical
- Biogenetics
- Residual
- Volcanic
Factors controlling deposits
 Types of
facies
- Sandstones
facies: S
(sandstones)

- Heterolytic
Facies: H
(heterolytic)

- Luttica Facies:
- M1: mili or decimetric laminated shales, representing the deposit under the
lowest energy conditions.

- M2: lenticular layers) and flaser to centi or decimetric scale (mixed facies).

- S1: sandstones with parallel and cross-lamination uni or bidirectional at

scale or metric.

- S2: sandstones with large scale structures, essentially high or low angle
cross stratification.
Deposit dominated by the
contribution (progrant or
regressive)
deposit systems dominated by accommodation
(retrograde or transgressive)
OIL PRODUCTION

Here is a quarter of the

world's oil and gas
production from the
rocks beneath these
platforms.

This is 21% of the 60

billion tons that make
up the total world
reserve.
 COLOMBIAN CASE

The geochemical
information along with
the geochemical models
allow to locate the best
prospective area for
hydrocarbons, which is
located toward the
norwest of the Baja
Guajira Sub-basin in the
offshore region, where it
is expected the presence
of several hydrocarbon
kitchens.
 LITHOLOGICAL COLUMN

The reservoirs with

accumulations of gas are
found in the Siamana
Formation of Middle
Miocene Age, in the
Ballena and Riohacha
Fields and in the sandy
levels of the Miocene
sequence in the
Chuchupa Field.
 Bibliography

Sedimentologia del proceso fisico a la cuenca

sedimentaria Alfredo Arche (Editor)
Principles of Sedimentology and Stratigraphy (5th Edition)
Sam Boggs Jr.
http://geology.uprm.edu/Classes/GEOL6147/carb11.pdf
https://es.scribd.com/document/325344040/PLATAFORMA
S-CARBONATADAS