Normal childhood nutrition

Nutrient and nutritional

requirements

IKG Suandi
Sub bagian Gizi Bag/SMF IKA FK
Unud/RS Sanglah denpasar

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 Nutrient
Nutrient:
Carbohydrate (55%)
Lipids (30%: 10% saturated fats or PUFA)
Protein (15%)
Minerals
Vitamins
Water
Balance nutrition: CH 55% : Lipids 30% : Protein 15%
1 g of (CH 4 kcal ; Lipids 9 kcal ; Protein 4 kcal)

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 Nutrition and growth
Table 1. Changes in growth rate, energy required for growth, & body composition
in infant & young child.
Growth rate (g/d) Body composition
Age Male Both Female Energy Water Protein Fat
(mo) requirement
(kcal/kg/d)
0 0.25 0 75 11.5 11
0.25 1 40 35 50
12 35 30 25
23 28 25 16
36 20 10 60 11.5 26
69 15
9 12 12
12 18 8
18 36 6 2 61 16 21
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Table 2. Recommendations for energy and protein intake
Age Energy (kcal/kg/d) Protein (g/kg/d)
10 d 1 mo 120 (2.5)
1 2 mo 115 (110) (2.25)
2 3 mo 105
3 4 mo 95 (95) (2)
4 6 mo 95 1.7
6 12 mo 90 (85) 1.5
12y 105 (85) 1.2
23y 100 (85) 1.1
35y 95 1.1
Male Female
57y 90 85 1
7 10 y 78 67 1
Kcal/day Kcal/day Male Female
10 12 y 2200 1950 1 1
12 14 y 2400 2100 1 0.95
14 16 y 2650 2150 0.95 0.90
16 18 y 2850 2150 0.90 0.80
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 Table 3. Suggested dietary intakes of minerals and trace elements**
Nutrient Premature infant Term infant Children > 1 year
Sodium 50 mg/kg/d 250 500 (10 20
(2mmol/kg/d) mmol/d)
Potassium 80 mg/kg/d 800 (20 mmol/d)
(2mmol/kg/d)
Chloride 70 mg/kg/d 700 (20 mmol/d)
(2mmol/kg/d)
Calcium 180 mg/kg/d 400 (200*) 800
Phosphorus 150 mg/kg/d 300 (100*) 600
Magnesium 15 mg/kg/d 40 100
Iron 2 mg/kg/d 1 mg/kg/d (< 0.1) 10 (18 in
(after first 1 - 2 mo) after 2 mo adolescence)
Zinc 1.5 mg/kg/d 4 2 (2 0.75) 2 10
Copper 0.12 mg/kg/d 0.2 0.4 0.5 - 2
Selenium 0.003 mg/kg/d 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.1
Iodine 0.01 mg/kg/d 0.05 0.07 0.15
* = FULL BREAST FED INFANT < 4 6 MO ** = AMOUNT EXPRESSED IN MG/D UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED 5
Table 4. Supplemental fluoride requirements (mg/dl)

Concentration of fluoride in drinking water

Age < 0.3 ppm 0.3 0.7 ppm > 0.7 ppm
2 wk to 2 y 0.25 0 0

23y 0.5 0.25 0

3 16 y 1 0.5 0

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 Table 5. Suggested intakes of vitamins

Premature infants Term infants (per Adults (per day)

(per kg/d) kg/d)
Thiamin (mg) 0.35 12 1.5
Riboflavin (mg) 0.2 0.5 1.7
Pyridoxine (mg) 0.2 0.6 2.0
Niacin (mg NE) 7 17 (NE) 19 (NE)
Pantothenic acid (mg) 2 5 47
Biotin (g) 6 20 30 100
Folic acid (g) 50 140 200
Cobalamin (g) 0.3 1 2.0
Vitamin A (g RE) 500 700 1000
Vitamin C (mg) 25 80 60
Vitamin D (g) 4 (160 IU) 10 (400 IU) 5
Vitamin E (mg) 3 7 10
Vitamin K (g) 80 20 80
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Table 6. Caloric and water needs per unit body weight

Maintenance needs
Body weight in kg Kcal/kg ml water/kg

3 - 10 100 100

11 - 20 50 50

> 20 kg 20 20