SCADA AND POWER

SYSTEM AUTOMATION

-Presented by
Shubham Kapoor
3rd Year (6th SEMESTER)
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Roll No. 1274521010
 Outline
SCADA
S What is SCADA??
S History of Scada
S Common Components of Scada
S System Components of Scada
S Future trends in Scada

-continue
Power system automation
S Electrical power system
S What is power system automation
S Automation tasks
S IEDs
S Automation process
S Advantages
S Disadvantages
S Applications
S Conclusion
 Scada

Supervisory
Control
And
Data
Acquisition
 What is Scada??
According to Wikipedia
Scada is SCADAis a system operating
with coded signals over communication
channels so as to provide control of remote
equipment (using typically one
communication channel per remote
station).
EXAMPLE OF
SCADA
History of SCADA
Telemetry and Solid state
control devices were
Electric Development developed
utility
systems

1940 1950 1960 1965 1970

General Electric Advanced

Telemetry
and Control
Corporation
 Main Functions of
SCADA
Networked
Data
Control
Acquisition
Presentation
Data Communication
 Common system
components
Remote Terminal Unit(RTU)
Programmable logic Controller(PLC)
Telemetry system
Human machine interface
Data Acquisition Server
A supervisory (computer) system, gathering (acquiring)
data on the process and sending commands (control) to
the SCADA system.
Communication infrastructure connecting the supervisory
system to the remote terminal units.
Various process and analytical instrumentation.
Remote Terminal Unit

Remote
Terminal
Unit
 RTU
Aremote terminal unit(RTU) is
amicroprocessor-controlled
electronic device that interfaces
objects in the physical world to
adistributed control system or
SCADA(supervisory control and data
acquisition) system by
transmittingtelemetrydata to a
master system, and by using messages
from the master supervisory system
to control connected
objects.Another term that may be
used for RTU isremote telecontrol
unit.
Two basic types of RTU:

1.Single board RTU

2.Modular RTU
 Single board RTU

Which is compact, and contains all I/O

on a single board. The single board RTU
normally has fixed I/O (eg.16 digital
inputs, 8 digital outputs, 8 analogue inputs, and
say 4 analogue outputs).
 Modular RTU

which has a separate CPU module, and can

have other modules added, normally by
plugging into a common "backplane" (a bit like
a PC motherboard and plug in peripheral
cards) is designed to be expanded by adding
additional modules.
 Architecture
Power supply
Digital or Status inputs
Analog inputs
Digital (control) outputs
Analog outputs
Software and logic control
Communications
IED communications
Master communications
 Programmable
logic Controller
(PLC)
A programmable logic
controller,PLCor programmable
controller is a digital computer used
for automation of typically industrial
electromechanical processes, such as
control of machinery on factory
assembly lines, amusement rides, or
light fixtures.PLCsare used in many
industries and machines.
 Human Machine
Interface
Human Machine Interface
commonly known
asHMIare deployed for
control and visualization
interface between a human
and a process, machine,
application and appliance.
Increasingly, HMIs are
becoming an integral part
of Factory Automation.
Data Acquisition Server
Network
 Communication and
software
Communication and software

S The SCADA consist of Hardware and

Software components.

S The hardware collects and feed data into a

computer with SCADA software installed.

S The data is then processed by the computer

before presenting it in a timely manner.
 Database
A structured set of data is held in a
computer for the future reference
SCADA SYSTEM
RTU(remote
terminal unit)

User
interface PLC
(HMI)

Communications
Data
Equipment and
Acquisition
software
Server
System Concept of SCADA
 FUTURE TRENDS
IN SCADA

F
U
T
U
R
E
FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

First generation: "Monolithic

Second generation: "Distributed

Third generation: "Networked"

 FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA
First generation: "Monolithic"

In the first generation, computing was done by mainframe

computers.

Networks did not exist at the time SCADA was developed.

Thus SCADA systems were independent systems with no

connectivity to other systems. Wide Area Networks were later
designed by RTU vendors to communicate with the RTU.

The first-generation SCADA system was redundant since a back-

up mainframe system was connected at the bus level and was
used in the event of failure of the primary mainframe system.
 FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA
Second generation: "Distributed"

The processing was distributed across multiple

stations which were connected through a LAN
and they shared information in real time.

Each station was responsible for a particular

task thus making the size and cost of each
station less than the one used in First
Generation.
FUTURE TRENDS IN SCADA

Third generation: "Networked"

Due to the usage of standard protocols

and the fact that many networked SCADA
systems are accessible from the Internet,
the systems are potentially vulnerable to
remote attack.
POWER SYSTEM
AUTOMATION
Electrical
Power
System
What is power system
automation??
Power-system automation is the act of automatically
controlling the power system via instrumentation
and control devices. Substation automation refers
to using data from Intelligent electronic devices
(IED), control and automation capabilities within the
substation, and control commands from remote
users to control power-system devices.
 Automation Tasks..

Data acquisition
Power System Supervision
Power System Control
Power System Automation
I&C System IEDs
 Intelligent Electronic
Device
Any device incorporating
one or more processors
with the capability to
receive or send
data/control from or to an
external source (e.g.,
electronic multifunction
meters, digital relays,
controllers)
 Instrument
Transformers
Instrument transformers are
used to sense power system
current and voltage values. They
are physically connected to
power system apparatus and
convert the actual power system
signals, which include high
voltage and current magnitudes,
down to lower signal levels
 Transducer
Transducers convert the analog
output of an instrument
transformer from one
magnitude to another or from
one value type to another, such
as from an ac current to dc
voltage.
Remote Terminal Unit,
RTU
 Communications Port
Switch
A communications switch is a
device that switches between
several serial ports when it is told
to do so. The remote user
initiates communications with the
port switch via a connection to
the substation, typically a leased
line or dial-up telephone
connection. Once connected, the
user can route their
communications through the port
switch to one of the connected
substation IEDs. The port switch
merely passes through the IED
communications.
 Meter
A meter is an IED that is
used to create accurate
measurements of power
system current, voltage, and
power values. Metering
values such as demand and
peak are saved within the
meter to create historical
information about the
activity of the power system
Digital Fault Recorder
A digital fault recorder (DFR),
is an IED that records
information about power
system disturbances.
It is capable of storing data in
a digital format when
triggered by conditions
detected on the power
system. Harmonics, frequency,
and voltage are examples of
data captured by DFRs.
 Load Tap Changer
(LTC)
Load tap changers are
devices used to
change the tap
position on
transformers. These
devices work
automatically or can
be controlled via
another local IED or
from a remote
operator or process.
 Re closer Controller
Re closer controllers
remotely control the
operation of automated
re closers and switches.
These devices monitor
and store power system
conditions and determine
when to perform control
actions. They also accept
commands from a remote
operator or process.
 Time Synchronization Source
A time synchronization source is an
IED that creates a time-of-day
value which is then broadcast
to the IEDs in order to set all their
clocks to the same time.

Protocol Gateway
IEDs communicate over serial
connections by speaking a particular
language or protocol. A protocol
gateway converts communications
from one protocol to another. This
task is often performed by software
on a personal computer.
HMI & PLC
 Protective Relay

A protective relay is an
IED designed to sense
power system disturbances
and automatically perform
control actions on the I&C
system and the power
system to protect
personnel and equipment.
SEL-351 Relay
 Communications
Processor
A communications
processor is a
substation controller
that incorporates the
functions of many
other I&C devices into
SEL-2030 Communications Processor
one IED.
Automation Process
 Advantages
Flexible simple reliable
 Disadvantages
Troubled alarms
Applications
 Smart grid
A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses
analogue or digital information and communications
technology to gather and act on information, such as
information about the behaviours of suppliers and
consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the
efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of
the production and distribution of electricity.
Electronic power conditioning and control of the
production and distribution of electricity are
important aspects of the smart grid.
 Smart meter
A smart meter is usually
an electronic device that
records consumption of
electric energy in
intervals of an hour or
less and communicates
that information at least
daily back to the utility
for monitoring and billing.
Automatic
generation
control
In anelectric power
system,automatic
generation control
(AGC)is a system for
adjusting the power output
of multiple generators at
differentpower plants, in
response to changes in the
load.
 Conclusion

The government of India has decided to

integrate all the state power utilities.
Unified load dispatch Centre has to be
build. So automation has lot more
advantages as it increases efficiency and
increase standardization. India is moving
ahead toward automation are you??
ANY QUERIES ???