Matakuliah : J0084 / Introduction to Management

and Business
Tahun : 2007
Versi :1/3

Pertemuan 2 (Second Meeting)

Management Yesterday
and Today
Halaman 1
 Learning Outcome

Student should be able to explain the

development Of management, and also
understand current trends and management
issues -> C3

Halaman 2
 Learning Outline

Historical Background of Management

Scientific Management
General Administrative Theory
Quantitative Approach
Toward Understanding Organizational
Behavior
The System Approach
The Contingency Approach
Currents Trends and Issues

Halaman 3
1. Historical Background of Management
Management Theories

Historical
Back Scientific Quantitative System
Ground Management Approach Approach

General
Early Example Organizational Contingency
Administrative
Of Behavior Approach
Theory
Management

Early
Adam Smith Advocates
Hawthorne
Industrial Studies
Revolution

Halaman 4
2. Scientific Management
a. Frederick W.Taylor

a) Develop a science for each element of an

individuals work, which will replace the old
rule of thumb method
b) Scientifically select and then train, teach,
and develop the worker
c) Heartily cooperate with the workers so as to
ensure that all work is done in accordance
with the principles of the science that has
been developed
d) Divide work and responsibility almost
equally between management and workers.

Halaman 5
 b. Frank Gilbreth
c. Lilian Gilbreth

Studied work to eliminate inefficient hand-and

-body motions.
Invented a device called a microchronometer.

Halaman 6
2. General Administrative Theory
a. Henry Fayol
Fayols Principle of Management:
a) Division of work h) Centralization
b) Authority i) Scalar chain
c) Discipline j) Order
d) Unity of command k) Equity
e) Unity of direction l) Stability of tenure
f) Subordination of of personnel
individual interests to m) Initiative
the general interest n) Esprit de corps
g) Remuneration

Halaman 7
b. Max Weber
Webers Ideal Bureaucracy:
a) Division of labor
b) Authority hierarchy
c) Formal Selection
d) Formal rules and
regulation
e) Impersonality
f) Career orientation

Halaman 8
3. Quantitative Approach to Management
a) Robert Mc.Namara
b) Charles Tex Thornton
Involves the use of quantitative techniques
to improve decision making.

This approach has been called:

Operation research or Management science

1)Using statistical method & quantitative models

2)Linear programming - to improve resource
allocation decisions
3) Economic Order Quantity (EOQ)
Halaman 9
4. Toward Understanding Organizational Behavior

a. Early Advocates:
1) Robert Owen
2) Hugo Munsterberg
3) Mary Parker Follert
4) Chester Barnard

b. The Hawthorne Studies

Halaman 10
5. The Systems Approach
Environment
System
Transformation
Input Output
Process
Raw Materials Employees work Products and
Human activities services
resources Management Financial
Capital activities results
Technology Technology and Information
Information operation methods Human
results
Feedback

Environment Halaman 11
6. The Contingency Approach
1) Organization Size
2) Routineness of Task Technology
3) Environmental Uncertainty
4) Individual Differences

Halaman 12
7. Current Trends and Issues
1) Globalization
2) Ethics
3) Workforce Diversity
4) Entrepreneurship
5) Managing In an E-Business World
6) Knowledge Management and Learning
Organization
7) Quality Management

Halaman 13