JOT2 LEARNING

THEORIES
Ginalyn Pearson
Student ID: 000550739
Western Governors University
M.Ed Learning and Technology
April 24, 2016
Mentor: Kim Carey
Task A: Learning Theories
& Learners
Constructivism
Cognitivism
Behaviorism
When Constructivism is Beneficial
for Learners
Hands-on learning kinesthetic learning
Difficulty learning special education
English Language Learners
Student Centered Projects
When Cognitivism is Beneficial for
Learners
English Language Learners
Scaffolding learning
Teacher is transfer knowledge to the student
Students must store information in a meaningful way
When Behaviorism is Beneficial for
Learners
Learning through lectures is the learning style
Teaching new concepts to students
Teacher centered
Quick Answer facts math facts
Task B: Learning Theory
Used in Lesson Plan
Behaviorism
Simple Addition Sentences
Kindergarten
 Lesson Plan
Day Lesson Anchor Task Questions to consider Formative Assessment:
Suggestions: A to assess Student look-fors during
problem or activity understanding or lesson or as an exit task
to open the lesson elevate thinking during
the lesson
1 Lesson 1 Begin a vocabulary chart If we want to show joining 3 Using two towers of 10 cubes (one of
with plus, is equal to fingers and 4 fingers, what each color)
Activity 1- Investigate, TE p 192 and number sentence. number sentence can we use?
Make sure to match words Give students a number sentence and
and symbols. ask them to match with their cubes, and
then say it orally (2 + 5 = 7).
As you do Activity 1 #1-6
chart the number sentence Have students create and share out
with words and symbols number sentences to match the farm
as shown in #4. Act out animals in the big book
the number stories with
students or objects. Have
students record number
sentences on whiteboards.

Use Dominoes to make

number sentences
Learning Theory Lesson Plan
The learning theory used in this lesson plan is
behaviorism because the teacher is eliciting a
response from the students.
The teacher is reinforcing the correct response from
the student when adding two numbers together
Students are expected to give the correct response
with a problem that the teacher gives.
Task C: Adaptation of
Lesson Plan
Cognitivism
Adapting to Cognitivism
To modify this lesson plan, I would use more math
games to help students learn their simple math facts.
The lesson has the students use dominoes to add
numbers together. I would give students number
cards to use to add numbers together to get a sum.
Students will demonstrate their knowledge of adding
by using the number cards, cubes, and draw pictures
to show their addition equations.
Task D: Lesson Plan
Discussion
Cognitivism
Lesson Plan Discussion: Cognitivism
The lesson plan that is most beneficial for my instructional setting is
cognitivist lesson plan.
I have 22 very active 5 and 6 year olds in my classroom; their
attention span is very short. They are kinesthetic learners. By
allowing students to use the new lesson plan, they will be able to
demonstrate their learning through the tools that are given to them.
The students will show their knowledge of an addition problem, by
using the number cards, cubes and drawings of their equation.
With this learning theory, students will be able to show their
understanding of learning through examples and demonstrations.
Task E: Effective
Instruction Through the
Use of Design Theories
Effective Instructions Through
the Use of Design Theories
The theories of design helps to create effective
instructions by knowing the skills and knowledge the
leaners need to achieve the desired results. The
objectives will be outlined to for the unit and an
assessment tool will be used to measure the
students learning.
Wiggins Backwards Design
Teachers design a unit with the end in mind. The
teacher work backward and create a plan towards the
end result.
Task F: Design Theories
Strengths and Limitations:
Wiggins
Gagne
Teaching for Understand (The Harvard model)
Strengths of Wiggins Theory
Start with the end in mind and work backwards
Focus on the end result and overall understanding
Design to assess big ideas and goals
Learner Focus
Limitations of Wiggins
Focus on the end result, learner may not get a
chance to veer off to a different path to get to the
result.
Staying on track of the instruction may be time
consuming if the desired result is not met.
The focus is on the end result and not the journey of
learning.
Strengths of Gagnes Events
Scaffold style to help
learners; very repitious
Engages the learner
with different stimuli
Its very focused on the
nine steps to help
teachers plan out
lessons
It targets students prior
knowledge and add to
that knowledge
Gagnes Nine Levels of Learning
Limitations of Gagnes Events
The nine steps can be long and tedious when
planning.
Does not allow a lot of room for creativity; students
must stay with the nine step format
Repetition of the learning material may not be useful
for certain learners.
Strengths of Teaching for Understanding

Differentiated Instruction
Instructions can be
adjusted based on
observations,
assessment, and
feedback
Teacher gives constant
feedback to students

http://www.uknow.gse.harvard.edu/teaching/TC3-1.html
Weaknesses of Teaching for Understanding
With constant feedback to students to assess their
understanding, this can be very time consuming
Teachers must present materials to students at
varying learning styles and abilities, it can be time
consuming when planning lessons.
Task G: Most Suitable
Design Process
Gagnes Nine Events of Instructions
Gagnes Nine Events of Instructions
The design process that is most effective in my
classroom setting would be Gagnes Nine Events of
Instructions.
My kindergarteners are young learners and they
need that constant repetition and scaffolding. Their
attention span is very short. I must keep my lessons
short and focused. Scaffolding the math games in
my lessons and allowing my students multiple
opportunities to play the games, will help allow them
to understand addition problems.
 References
Fusaro, M. (2008). What is Teaching for Understanding?. Retrieved from
http://www.gse.harvard.edu/news/uk/08/05/what-teaching-understanding
Mindtools. (n.d). Gagne's Nine Levels of Learning: Training Your Team Effectively. Retrieved from
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/gagne.htm
PD Online (n.d.). Learning Theory in the Classroom. Retrieved from
http://pdo.ascd.org/ScormEngine/defaultui/deliver.aspx?configuration=&registration=CourseId%7cb7c4157f-4c52-
473f-b0e4-acc74bf83cc6!VersionId%7c4!OrgId%7c82a14a0f-f343-43dd-9fd9-8e76f9b43e75!UserId%7cca3edbd7-
203e-43f5-a8cc-17ecb5474f6b!InstanceId%7c0
Wiggins, G. and McTighe, J (n.d). Backward Design. Retrieved from
https://web5.wgu.edu/aap/content/introduction%20to%20ubd.pdf
Wood, T (2014). What is Backward Design. Retrieved from http://www.tylercoolidgewood.com/understanding-
backward-design/