Chapter 8

Reading
Task 1: Think about it (Page. 113)
Do you know what bullying is? Before you read the
text, discuss what questions you can probably ask.
1. Your question:
What is bullying?
2. Your question :
What are the effects of bullying?
 Task 2: Read and skim (Page. 113)
Read and skim each paragraph in the reading text
about bullying below. After you skim each paragraph,
write the number of the paragraph next to the
question it answers.
1. (2) What is physical bullying?
2. (3) What is verbal bullying?
3. (1) What is bullying?
4. (6) What are the effects of bullying?
5. (5) What is cyber bullying?
6. (7) What is another effect of bullying?
7. (4) What is emotional bullying?
Task 3: Comprehension Questions (Page. 115)
1. What is bullying?
Bullying are behaviors that focus on making
someone else feel inadequate, or focus on
belittling someone else.
2. What do bullies usually do to other people?
Give harassment, physical harm, repeatedly
demeaning speech
3. What is the purpose of bullying?
To ostracize another person and make another
person down
4. How many types of bullying are there?
4 types
5. What differentiates one type of bullying from another?
Method to bully another person
6. What are the effects of bullying?
Physical problems and injuries that result from
physical bullying. Emotional, verbal, and cyber
bullying cause depression (and even suicide), drug
use and stunted social development
7. Which do you think is the most damaging kind
of bullying?
Physical bullying
8. Why do the bullied teens fantasize of attacking
the bullies?
Because he/she want to retaliate to another person
9. Why do the bullied teens seek for support to their
classmates in retaliating the bullying instead of doing
it themselves?
Because they are brave if they do bullying together
10. How can retaliation cause heartbreak?
He/she is hate to people who bully him/her self
11. What is the authors purpose in writing this article?
To provide information about teenage bullying
1. belittle (verb) a. not good enough, not big enough, etc.
for a particular purpose

2. ostracize (verb) b. refuse to accept someone as a member

of the group

3. inadequate (verb) c. to make someone or something seem

small or unimportant
4. instigator (noun) d. A person who initiates something
5. instill (verb) e. to force someone to do something they
do not want to do by threatening them

6. coerce (verb) f. to teach someone to think, behave, or feel

in a particular way over a period of time
7. demeaning (verb)
8. tear down (verb)
9. subtle (adjective)
10. stunted (adjective)
11. devastating (adjective)
12. relatiation (noun)
g. making someone feel
ashamed or embarrassed to
destroy something deliberately
h. to destroy something
deliberately
i. not easy to notice or
understand unless we pay
careful attention
j. Action against someone who
has done something bad to you
k. making someone extremely
sad
l. not developing properly or to
full size
Task 5: Practice pronouncing (Page.117)
Observe the phonetic transcription. Practice
pronouncing the words.
belittle:
ostracize:
inadequate:
instigator:
instill:
coerce:
d eme a n i n g :
teardown:
subtle:
stunted:
devastating:
Grammar Review
Task 7 : Identify the gerund in the subject
position (117 118)
1. What is the part of 2. What are the base
speech of the word forms of the word ?
printed in bold in the The original forms of
subject position ? the word are verbs,
The part of speech of they are bully, kick,
the word printed in punch, build, and make
bold as noun fun.
 3. What is the part of 4. What conclusion can
speech of those words you draw ?
before they are put in When verbs as subject
subject position ? position, they have to
The part of speech of be changed into noun
those words before as by adding ing at the
verb end of the word (verb)
and stand alone as
phrase, so is called
gerund as subject
Task 7 : Identify the gerund in the object
position (118 119).

1. What is the part of 2. What are the base

speech of the word forms of the word ?
printed in bold in the The original forms of
object position ? the word are verbs,
The part of speech of they are kick, punch,
the word printed in bring, and belittle.
bold as noun .
 3. what is the part of 4. What conclusion can
speech of those words you draw ?
before they are put in When verbs are put in
object position ? object position, they
The part of speech of have to be changed
those words before as into noun by adding
verb. suffix ing at the end
of the word (verb) and
used after a verb or
preposition, so is
called gerundn as
object
Text Structure
Task 8 : Observe the text structure (Page.119)
A factual report aims to provide information
about natural or social phenomena.
Structure of factual report :
General Classification contain some general
information about the phenomena.

Description is paragraph that follow the first

paragraph. The description provides details.
Paragraph Main idea Details Purpose of the
Text
Purpose Bulliying focus making As a supporting
1 someone else feel Paragraph that
bulliying inadequate and belittling describes/elaborates
someone else purpose bulliying

2 Physical In this type of bulliying,the As a supporting

insigrator attemps to Paragraph that
Bullying physically dominate another describes/elaborates
teen purpose physical
Bulliying

3 Verbal In this type of bulliying,the As a supporting

insigrator used demaning Paragraph that
Bulliying language to tear down describes/elaborates
anothers self image Verbal Bulliying

4 Emotional This type of bullying is As a supporting

designed to get other to Paragraph that
Bulliying ostraizedbthr person being describes/elaborates
bullied Emotional Bulliying
5 Cyber In this type of As a supporting
bulliying the Paragraph that
Bulliying insigrator make describes/elaborat
humiliate and es purpose Cyber
embarrass other Bulliying

6 Problem that Physical and As a supporting

Psychological Paragraph that
arise from problem describes/elaborate
bullying; injuries,depresion s the effect of
suicide,drug bullying
use,stunted social
development
Retaliation and in As a supporting
7 Causes some cases, bullied Paragraph that
Bullying teens describes/elaborate
have violent fantasies
s the causes of
of attacking their
bullying
bullies
C. Collecting Information
Reading
Task 1 : Read and analyze the text (Page. 120)
Do you think this text is of the same type as the text
about bullying ?
Yes, it is a factual report text

Task 2 : Questions (Page.122)

1. What is the purpose in writing this passage ?
To inform readers about the characteristics of true
friends.
2. What general information do you after reading
the passage ?
True friends are special friends that have three
characteristics.

3. What specific information do you get ?

True friends have a commitment to their friends
happiness, respect their friends life principle, and
inspire, and inspire their friends to develop their
potentials.
4. What is function of each paragraph ?
To tell the readers about the characteristics of
Best Friend Forever chronologiclaly.

5. How is each paragraph related to each other ?

Paragraph one contains the general idea stating
that true friends posses special characteristics and
the next paragraph elaborate the general idea in
more details. the last paragraph concludes the
description by restating the general idea about
true friends.
Vocabulary Builder
Task 3 : Find The Meaning of Word (Page.122)
Read the meaning of the followng words. Do the
meanings match the words? Correct any mismatch
Refrain A friend, especially who shares difficult
work or danger
Indulge Abstin / to not do something you want
to do
Comrades To let yourself do something that you
enjoy, especially something that is
considered bad for you
contributory Being one of the causes of a particular
result
Grammar Review
Task 4 : Identify the gerunds (Page.122)
Look through the text titled Teenage Bullying
again and then find the gerunds in the object position.
Identify the phrases. See A for an example.

A. Refrain from telling ( Gerund as object )

B. Look forward to having ( Gerund as object )
Gerund as object of proposition.

The formula : Preposition + Gerund (Verb+ing)

Speaking (Page.122)
Read the text about friendship again. Then, retell text orally using your
own words. Use the following question to guide you.

1. How many characteristics of true friends are there?

2. What is the first characteristic? What does it mean?
3. What is the another characteristic? What does it mean?
4. What is the next characteristic? What does it mean?
5. So, what is a best friend?

ANSWER :
1. There are three characteristics of true friend
2. The first characteristic is to have a commitment to their friends happiness
3. In the another characteristic is respect, true friends respect their friends life
princple
4. The next characteristic is to deals their friends with a good influence
5. Best friends are friends with those traits, which is a contributory factor in life
happiness.
 D. ASSOCIATING
Task 1: Vocabulary Exercise (Page : 123
125)
Choose the appropriate words to fill in the
blanks. Consider the contexts.
indulge belittle ostracise inadequate subtle
contributory coerce demeaning down
comrades refrain devastating origin
retaliation instill instigator stunted
tear
1. The most sophisticated and delicious dish in
the world, which in internationally
acknowledge, has its origin Padang, West
Sumatra. Do you know what that is?
2. I will always remember youas my best friend
ever. The first time I came here as new
student from a remote area, you were the
one who befriended me while the other
students still indulge me.
3. To be a good person, never belittle yourself
and other people because every human
being is Gods masterpiece that have their
own designated contribution in making the
world a better place. Think positively.
4. We were beginning to talk about demeaning
against the neighboring school whose some
students bullied our friends when more
senior students reminded us to report the
case to the school principal.
5. Our English teacher never makes me feel down
and stupid if we make mistakes. We really enjoy
learning English with them.
6. Good teachers are cocerned creating positive
and friendly atmosphere at school because
uncaring atmosphere can lead to devastating
growth of EQ (emotional quotient)
7. The police finally arrested the students who
became the instigtor of the school brawl and
worked together with the school and their
parents to educate those problematic students.
8. The key to winning friendship and being
positively popular is never use retaliation
and sarcastic words to other people.
9. Sincere and continuing supports from friends
and teachers help victims of bullying
overcome the stunted effect of bullying.
10. We should stand together against those
who coerce as making fun of some of our
classmates.
11. I feel lucky to be one of the students here
because this school instill great learning
enthusiasm and social concern into all its
students.
12. Widen your subtle smile. Sincere big smile on
your face can make your own day and others
cheerful. Thats the easiest way of doing good
deed.
13. When dealing with problematic students, the
wise school principal chooses encouraging
words that do not ostracize the students
positive self-image.
14. As his best friend, I always tell him to tear for
smoking.
15. Peanuts are delicious but they are bad for my
acne. However, I sometimes refrain myself in
muncing peanuts and my BFF, Diela, usually
reminds me not to eat too much.
16. Both of us come from poor family so that we
have to work to get money for our school
tuition. That difficulty has strengthned the bond
between comrades and me. We always help
each other.
17. Eating junk food is a contributory factor in many
kinds of diseases.
Task 2 : Grammar Exercise (Page : 126)
1. (fish) in this lake is forbidden.
Fishing in this lke is forbidden.
2. (develop) good relationship is more rewarding than
making trouble.
Developing good relationship is more rewarding than
making trouble.
3. (tip) the waiters ten to fifteen percent is the custom
here.
Tiping the waiters ten to fifteen percent is the custom
here.
4. (prevent) bullying is every bodys obligation.
Preventing bullying is every bodys obligation.
5. (wash) dishes is my daily chore.
Washing dishes is my daily chore.
6. (give) advice should be done carefully by using
non demeaning words.
Giving advice should be done carefully by using
non demeaning words.
7. (teach) friends what we are good at can sharpen
the skills that we have.
Teaching friends what we are good at can sharpen
the skills that we have.
8. (smoke) damages teenagers health, but some
students keep on ignoring the fact.
Smoking damages teenagers health, but some
students keep on ignoring the fact.
9. (exercise) regularly is a strageic investment for a
happy life in the future.
Exercising regularly is a strageic investment for a
happy life in the future.
10. (offer) help sometimes gives you nothing but a
relief and that leads to true happiness because we
will feel meaningful.
(offering) help sometimes gives you nothing but a
relief and that leads to true happiness because we
will feel meaningful.
Task 3: Grammar Exercise (Page : 127)
Put the verbs in the brackets, which are in the
object position of preposition, into the -ing
form.
1. Gina is afraid of [go] going to the bus station
herself. I think I will teach her karate to make
her more confident about herself.
2. Do not refrain from [learn] learning new things
that can make you more capable of doing many
things though it is difficult at the beginning.
3. After the unforgettable community service
experience, we look forward to (meet) meet
again in the program.
4. She is a genius who enjoys her days by [use]
using her being genius to help her friends
understand mathematics.
5. If you want to pass the national exam
successfully, focus your energy and attention
on [master] master the subjects that you are
not good at.
6. He works in the afternoon in that photocopy
service center to get some pocket money
without neglecting his academic responsibility.
7. Before [swim] swimming we do some
warming up exercises.
8. The school librarians tell the new students
that they do not need to put the newspapers
and magazines away after [read] reading
them.
9. Do not ever dream of [become] becoming
successful without [work] working hard. There
is no gain without pain.
10. Those students live far away from school and
they have to go to school on foot. By [walk]
walking long distance every day, they develop
strong bone and muscles and good stamina.
That is a blessing in disguise.
Task 4 : Find another text (page. 128 )
1. What is the social social phenomenon?
Human body
2. What features does the phenomenon have?
Thanksgiving Day is a celebration of harvest,
thankfulness for peace, and the attempt of Native
Americans.
3. What other features do the phenomenon have?
It is celebrated through families and friends. They
gather to eat and give good luck.
Task 5 : Find the gerunds (page. 128 )
Gerund :
- living - sitting
- standing - running
- walking
Writing
Task 6 : Create your own (page. 128 )

a. Structure of Factual Report

1. Classification
2. Description
b. Factual Report Text
Murder
Murder is one of bad action. It is activity to kill
souls someone and was commited intentionally or
unintentionally. It happen because grude, jealous, and
other. Many kinds of murder, there are intentionally
murder and unintentionally murder.
Intentionally murder is murder that was planned by
someone. It is usually the killen use such sickle, knif, and
other.
Unintentionally murder is murder that is not
planned by someone. It happen because mistake. Example
: someone wants to shoot a bird, but his hoot is miss the
target, then his shoot concerning pedestrian. The
pedestrian die, after she was shooted at her head.
REFLECTION (Page. 131)
1. Do you use general information to introduce
your topic as a classification? Yes, I do
2. Do you give necessary description (specific
features) using subheadings? Yes, I do
3. Do you use present verbs? Yes, I do
4. Do you use -ing forms for verbs used as
subjects or objects? Yes, I do
5. Do you pay attention to spelling, punctuation,
capitalization, and formatting? Yes, I do
6. Do you use references? Yes, I do