APTITUDE TRAINING

COMPILED BY
Dr.c.sekar
 PERCENTAGE

Which number is less than 80 by 60 % of

80 ?

(a)50 (b)42 (c)48 (d)32

Ans:
40% of 80 = 32
A number exceeds 20% of itself by 40. The
number is
(a)50 (b)60 (c)80 (d)320
Ans:
80% = 40 => 100% = 50
Rakesh credits15% of his salary in his fixed
deposit account and spends30% of the
remaining amount on grocers. If the cash in
hands is Rs.2380, what is his salary?
(a)Rs.3500 (b) Rs.4000
(c) Rs.4500 (d) Rs.5000
Ans: If his salary is S then
(1- ) x (1 - ) x S = 2380
15
100
30
100

i.e., 85 x 70 x S = 2380 x 100 x 100

Therefore S = 4000
From the salary of an officer, 10% is deducted
as house rent, 15% of the rest he spends on
childrens education and 10% of the balance,
he spends on clothes. After this expenditure, he
is left withRs.1377. His salary is
(a) Rs.2000 (b) Rs.2040 (c) Rs.2100 (d) Rs.2200

Ans : ( 1- ) x (1- ) x ( 1 - ) S = 1377

10 15 10
100 100 100

90 x 85 x 90 x S = 1377 x 100 x 100 x 100

S = 2000
The price of cooking oil has increased by 25%.
The percentage of reduction that a family
should effect in the use of cooking oil so as not
to increase the expenditure on this account is:
(a)15% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 30%

100 I
Ans: D = 100 I % , I = 25% => D = 20%
A student who scores 20% marks in an
examination fails by 30 marks. Another
student who scores 32% marks gets 42
marks more than those required to pass. The
percentage of marks required to pass is
(a)20 (b)25(c)28 (d)30
Ans:
The difference in marks is 72 which is 12%
i.e., 30 marks is 5%
Passing percentage = 20 + 5 = 25%
75% of a number when added to 75 is equal
to the number. The number is
(a)150 (b)200
(c)225 (d)300
Ans:
25% = 75 => 100% = 300
On decreasing the price of T.V sets by 30% its
sale is increased by 20%. What is the effect on
the revenue received by the shopkeeper?
(a)10% increase (b) 10% decrease
(c)16% increase (d)16% decrease
Ans:
20X 30
20 30 - = - 16% => 16% decrease
100
The population of a town is 8000. It increases by
10% during the first year and by 20% during
the second year. The population after 2 years will
be:
(a)10400 (b)10560
(c)10620 (d)none of these
10X 20
Ans: Net increase = 10 + 20 + % = 32%
100
Population = 132% of 8000 = 10560 (or)
10 20
8000 x ( 1 + 100 ) x ( 1 + 100 ) = 10560
The value of a machine depreciates 10%
annually. If its present value is Rs.4000, its
value 2 years hence will be :
(a)Rs.3200 (b)Rs.3240 (c)Rs.3260 (d)Rs.3280
Ans:
10 10 90 90
4000 ( 1 - 100 ) x ( 1 - 100 ) = 4000 x 100 x 100

= Rs.3240
3 liters of water is added to 15 liters of a
mixture of a 20% solution of alcohol in water.
The strength of alcohol is now:
2
(a)12% (b) 16% (c) 24% (d)16 3%
Ans:
15X 20 2
15 x 20 = 18 x ? => ? = = 16 3
18
A man spends 75% of his income. His income
is increased by 20% and he increases his
expenditure by 10%. His savings are
increased by:
1
(a)10% (b)25% (c)37 2 % (d)50%
Ans:
20 10
10 + x 100 = 50%
25
II IE
Is = IE + S x 100
The length of a rectangle is increased by 10% and
breadth decreased by 10%. Then , the area of
new rectangle is:
(a) neither decreased or increased
(b) increased by 1%
(c) decreased by 1%
(d) decreased by 2%

10X 10
Ans: 10 - 10 - = -1% => 1% decrease
100
A reduction of 21% in the price of wheat
enables a person to buy 10.5Kg more for
Rs.100. What is the reduced price per Kg?
(a) Rs.2 (b)Rs.2.25
(c) Rs.2.30 (d) Rs.2.50
Ans:
Cost of 10.5 Kg = Rs.21 =>
Reduced Price/Kg = Rs. 2
 A mixture of 40 litres of milk and water contains
10% water . How much water should be added to
this so that water may be 20% in the new mixture?
(a) 4 litres (b) 5 litres
(c) 6.5 litres (d) 7.5 litres
Ans:
Quantity x concentration = constant.
40 x 90% = ? x 80% => ? = 45 (new quantity)
Water to be added = 5 litres
PROFIT
&
LOSS
By selling a watch for Rs.1140, a man loses
5%. In order to gain 5% the watch must be
sold for :
(a)Rs.1311 (b)Rs.1197
(c)Rs.1254 (d)Rs.1260

Ans: 1140 : ? = 95 : 105 => ? = 1260

The selling price of 12 articles is equal to the
cost price of 15 articles. The gain percent is :

(a)16% (b) 20% (c)25% (d)80%

Ans:
BS
S
x 100% , B = 15, S = 12;
15 12
x 100% = 25%
12
If I purchased 11 books for Rs.10 and sold all the
books at the rate of 10 books for Rs.11, the profit
percent is:
(a)10% (b)11% (c) 21% (d)100%

Ans:
B = 11 x 11 = 121, S = 10 x 10 = 100
121 100
Profit = x 100 = 21%
100
By selling 36 oranges , a vendor loses the
selling price of 4 oranges. His loss percent is
1
a)12% b)11 9% c)10% d) none of these
Ans :
B = 36; S = 36 + 4 = 40

BS 36 40
x 100 = 40 x 100 = -10%
S
loss=10%
By selling 8dozens of pencils, a shopkeeper gains
the selling price of 1 dozen pencils. His gain
percent is :
2
(a)12.5% (b)87.5% (c)14 % (d)none of these
7
Ans:
B = 8, S = 8 - 1 = 7
1 2
Profit% = x 100 = 14 7 %
7
By selling toffees at 20 for a rupee , a man loses
4%. To gain 20% , for one rupee he must sell:
(a) 16 toffees (b) 20 toffees
(c) 25 toffees (d) 24 toffees
Ans:
selling price x rate quantity = constant
i.e., 20 x 96% = ? x 120% => ? = 16

By selling 45 oranges for Rs.40 , a man loses
20%. How many should he sell for Rs.24 so
as to gain 20% in the transaction?
(a)16 (b)18 (c)20 (d)22

Ans:
45X 80 ? X 120
= => ? = 18
40 24
A shopkeeper sells three-fourth of its articles at
a gain of 20% and the remaining at C.P His
real gain in the transaction is :

(a) 10% (b) 15% (c) 20% (d) 25%

Ans:
3 1
x 20% + 4 x 0% = 15%
4
A grocer sells rice at a profit of 10% and uses
weights which are 20% less than the marked
weight. The total gain earned by him will be :
(a) 30% (b) 35%
(c)37.5% (d) none of these

Ans: B = 110 , S = 80
110 80
Profit% = x 100 = 37.5%
80
A man sells 2 horses for Rs.4000 each,
neither losing nor gaining in the deal. If he
sold one horse at a gain of 25%, the other
horse is sold at a loss of:
(a) 16 2/3% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 18 %
Ans:
50 P 50 X 25
L= i.e., L = = 16 2/3%
50 P 50 25
A person bought an article and sold it at a loss
of 10%.If he had bought it for 20% less and sold
it for Rs.55 more, he would have had a profit of
40%. The C.P of the article is:
(a)Rs.200 (b)Rs.225 (c)Rs.250 (d) none of these
Ans:
140% of 80%-90% =55,
112%-90% =55
22% = 55
ie) C.P = 100% = Rs.250
A bicycle is sold at a gain of 16%. If it had
been sold for Rs.20 more 20% would have
been gained. The C.P of the bicycle is :
(a) Rs.350 (b)Rs.400
(c)Rs.500 (d)Rs.600
Ans:
120% - 116% = 4% = Rs.20
C.P = 100% = Rs.500
A dealer marks his goods 20% above the cost
price. He then allows some discount on it and
makes a profit of 8%. The rate of discount is
(a)12% (b)10% (c)6% (d)4%
Ans:
M.P =120% , S.P = 108%
M .P S .P
Discount = X 100
M .P
120 108
= x 100 = 10%
120
 AGE
PROBLEMS
The age of a father 10 years ago was thrice the
age of his son. Ten years hence, the fathers age
will be twice that of his son. The ratio of their
present ages is :
(a) 8:5 (b) 7:3 (c) 5:2 (d) 9:5
Ans: Ten years ago Ratio=3:1
Ten years hence 2 : 1 = 4 : 2
Present ratio = 3. 5 : 1. 5 = 7 : 3
The age of a man is 4 times that of his son. 5 years
ago, the man was nine times as old as his son was
at that time. The present age of the man is:
(a) 28 years (b) 32 years (c) 40 years (d) 44 years
Ans:
Present ratio 4:1 = 32:8
5 years ago 9:1 = 27:3
5 unit difference = 5 years
Present age of the man is 32 years
The sum of the ages of a father and his son is 45
years. Five years ago the product of their ages
was 4 times the fathers age at that time. The
present ages of the father and son respectively
are
(a) 35yrs, 10yrs (b) 36yrs, 9yrs
(c) 39yrs, 6yrs (d) none of these
Ans: 5 years ago the sons age was 4 years.
At present sons age is 9 yrs and hence fathers
age is 36yrs
 Jayesh is as much younger to Anil as he is older
to Prashant. If the sum of the ages of Anil and
Prashant is 48 years , what is the age of Jayesh?
(a) 20 yrs (b)24 yrs
(c) 30 yrs (d) cannot be determined

Ans: 48/2 = 24 yrs

Ten years ago A was half of B in age. If the

ratio of their present ages is 3:4, what will be
the total of their present ages?
(a) 28 yrs (b) 20 yrs (c) 35 yrs (d) 49 yrs
Ans:
Ten years ago 1:2
Present ratio 3:4
Difference = 2 units = 10 years
Sum of their ages = 7 units = 35 years
ALLIGATION
AND
MIXTURE
 In a mixture of 60 litres, the ratio of milk and
water is 2 :1 . If the ratio of the milk and water is
to be 1:2, then the amount of water to be further
added is
(a) 20litres (b) 30litres
(c) 40litres (d) 60litres
Ans: milk is fixed.
2 1
3
x 60 = 3 x 120
Quantity X Concentration of fixed one is constant.
i.e., Water to be added = 120 60 = 60 litres
A dishonest milk man professes to sell his
milk at C.P. but he mixes it with water and
thereby gains 25%. The percentage of water
in the mixture is
(a) 25% (b) 20%
(c) 49% (d) none of these
Ans :
25
x100 = 20%
100 25
A container contains 80 Kg, of milk. From this
container , 8Kg of milk was taken out and
replaced by water. This process was further
repeated two times. How much milk is now
contained by the container?
(a) 64Kg (b) 56 Kg
(c) 58.32 Kg (d) 62.68 Kg
Ans :
8 93
Milk = 80 x ( 1 - 80 )3 = 80 x 103
= 58.32 Kg
A can contains a mixture of two liquids A and B in
the proportion 7:5. When 9 litres of mixture are
drawn off and the can is filled with B, the
proportion of A and B becomes 7:9. How many
litres of liquid A was contained by the can
initially?
(a) 25 (b) 35 (c) 20 (d) 21
7 9 7
Ans (1 ) => C = 36 litres where C is the
12 c 16
capacity of the can. Initially quantity of liquid A
7
= 36x 12 = 21 litres
Two vessels A and B contain milk and water mixed
in the ratio 5:2 and 8:5 respectively. Find the ratio
in which these mixtures are to be mixed to get a new
mixture containing milk and water in the ratio 9:4.
(a) 7:3 (b) 7:2 (c) 5:3 (d)2:1
Ans : Fix water. (2/7) (4/13) (5/13)
multiply by 7x13 26 28 35
35-28 : 28-26
7 : 2
 TIME
AND WORK
A contract is to be completed in 56 days and 104
men were set to work, each working 8 hrs a day.
After 30 days, (2/5)th of a work is completed.
How many additional men may be employed, so
that the work may be completed in time, each
man now working 9 hrs a day?
(a) 60 (b) 56 (c) 70 (d) 42
Ans : MXDXT is a constant.
W 104 X 30 X 8 ? X 26 X 9
=> ? = 160
2 3
Additional men to be employed = 160-104 = 56
If 27 Kg of corn would feed 42 horses for 21 days,
in how many days would 36 Kg of it feed 21
horses?
(a) 28 (b)42 (c)56 (d)32
Ans :
42 X 21 21X ?
=> ? = 56
27 36
2 men and 7 boys can do a piece of work in 14
days; 3 men and 8 boys can do the same in 11
days; 8 men and 6 boys can do 3 times the amount
of this work in :
(a) 21 days (b) 18 days (c) 24 days (d) 36 days
Ans : (2M + 7B) x 14 = (3M + 8B) x 11
i.e., 5M = 10 boys
(2M + 7B) x 14 x 3 = (8M + 6B) x ?
11B x 14 x 3 = 22B x ?
? = 21 days.
A can do 1/3 of a work in 5 days and B can do
2/5 of the work in 10 days. In how many days
both A and B together can do the work?
(a) 7 (b) 8 (c) 9 (d) 10
Ans:
3
A can do full work in 5 x 1 = 15 days
5
B can do full work in 10 x 2 = 25 days

15 X 25 75
A and B together can do it in 15 25 = 8

3
= 98 days
A is thrice as good a work man as B, and is
therefore able to finish a piece of work in 60 days
less than B. Find the time in which they can do it ,
working together,
1
(a) 20 days (b) 22 2 days
(c) 25 days (d) 40 days
Ans : Time ratio = 1:3 2 units = 60 days
Working together they can do it in

3X1 3 1
3 1 = 4 unit time = 22 2 days
A and B together can do a piece of work in 6
days and A alone can do it in 9 days. The
time taken by B alone to do the work is:
(a) 18 days (b) 15 days
(c) 12 days (d) 7.5 days

9X 6
Ans : 9 6 = 18 days
A can complete a job in 9 days, B in 10 days and C
in 15 days. B and C started the work and are forced
to leave after 2 days. The time taken by A to
complete the remaining work is:
(a) 6 days (b) 9 days (c) 10 days (d) 13 days
Ans: The total work can be taken as L.C.M of 9, 10,
15 which is equal to 90 units. Therefore one day
work of A, B, C are respectively 10, 9, 6 units.
Two days work of B and C is 2X(9+6)=30 units.
Remaining work=60 units. A alone can complete it
in 6 days.
A can do a piece of work in 24 days while B alone
can do it in 16 days. With the help of C, they finish
the work in 8 days. C alone can do the work in:
(a) 32 days (b) 36 days (c) 40 days (d) 48 days
Ans: If the total work is the L.C.M of 24, 16, 8 = 48
units then
A+B+Cs one day work = 6 units
A+Bs one day work = 5 units
Cs one day work = 1 unit
Time taken by C = 48 units
Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 36 min and 45 min
respectively. A waste pipe C can empty the tank in 30 min.
First A and B are opened. After 7 min, C is also opened. In
how much time the tank is full?
(a) 39 min (b) 46 min (c) 40 min (d) 50 min
Ans: Total work = L.C.M of 36, 45, 30 = 180 units
1 min. work of A,B,C is +5, +4, -6 units respectively.
Work done in first 7 min = 7x(5+4) = 63 units
Remaining work = 180 63 = 117 units
Time taken to fill 117 units =117/3 = 39 min
Total time taken = 39 + 7 = 46 min
Three pipes A, B and C can fill a cistern in 6 hrs.
After working at it together for 2 hours, C is
closed and A and B can fill it in 7 hrs. The time
taken by C alone to fill the cistern is:
(a) 10 hrs (b) 12 hrs (c) 14 hrs (d) 16 hrs
Ans:
In 2 hours 1/3rd of work is done
7X 4
C alone can do 2/3 of work in
rd hrs.
74
Therefore C alone can fill the cistern in 14 hrs.
 TIME
AND
DISTANCE
A man covers a certain distance between his
house and office on scooter. Having an average
speed of 30Km/hr, he is late by 10 min. However,
with a speed of 40 Km/hr, he reaches his office 5
min earlier. Find the distance between his house
and office:
(a) 20 Km (b) 30Km (c) 40Km (d) 50 Km
Ans:
40 X 30 15
Distance = x = 30 Km
40 30 60
Walking 3/4th of his usual speed, a peon is
10 min too late to his office. Find the usual
time to cover the distance:
(a) 30 min (b) 40 min (c) 1 hr (d) 45 min
Ans:
Difference of Nr and Dr = 4-3 = 1 unit
1 unit = 10 min;
Usual time = Nr = 3 units = 30 min
A and B are two stations . A train goes from A to
B at 64 Km/hr and returns to A at a slower speed.
If its average speed for the whole journey is 56
Km/hr, at what speed did it return?
(a) 48 Km/hr (b) 49.77 Km/hr
(c) 52 Km/hr (d) 47.46 Km/hr
Ans:
2uv
Average speed = u v = a
u = 64; Average speed = 56 au
v = 49.77 Km/hr
2u a
A is twice as fast as B and B is thrice as fast as C.
The journey covered by C in 42 min, will be
covered by A in:
(a) 14 min (b) 28 min
(c) 63 min (d) 7 min
Ans:
A is 6 times as fast as C
Time taken by A = 42/6 = 7 min.
A train leaves Meerut at 6 a.m and reaches Delhi
at 10 a.m. Another train leaves Delhi at 8a.m and
reaches Meerut at 11.30 a.m . At what time do the
two trains cross one another
(a)9.26 a.m (b) 9 a.m (c) 8.36 a.m (d) 8.56 a.m
Ans: Half of the distance is covered by first train
at 8 a.m 2X1
3
4
Meeting time = 8 hrs + 2 1 3 hrs
4
14
= 8hrs + X 60 min
15
Two trains A and B start from stations X and Y
towards Y and X respectively.
After passing each other , they take 4 hours 48 minutes
and 3 hours 20 minutes to reach Y and X respectively.
If train A is moving at 45 Km/hr, then the train B is
moving at:
(a)60 Km/hr (b)54 Km/hr (c)64.8 Km/hr
(d)37.5 Km/hr
Ans: Speed ratio of A and B is : = : =
200 288 100 144
10 : 12 = 5 : 6.
Speed of B =54 Km/hr
A train is running at the rate of 40 kmph. A man
also is going in the same direction parallel to the
train at the speed of 25 kmph. If the train crosses
the man in 48 seconds, the length of the train is
(a)50 metres (b)100 metres
(c)150 metres (d)200 metres
Ans:
Length of the train = Relative speed time
5
= (40-25) 18 48
= 200 metres
A train speeds past a pole in 15 secs and speeds
past a platform 100 metres long in 25 secs. Its
length in metres is:
(a)200 (b)150 (c)50
(d)data inadequate
Ans:
Distance moved in 10(=25-15) secs =
Length of the platform =100 metres
Distance moved in 15 secs =
Length of the train = 150 metres.
A man rows to a place 48 km distant and back in 14
hours. He finds that he can row 4 km with the stream in
the same time as3 km against the stream. The rate of the
stream is:
(a)0.5 kmph (b)1 kmh (c)3.5 kmph (d)1.8 kmph
Ans: Speed down: speed up = 4:3
Time ratio = 3:4
7 unit time = 14 hrs
Speed down = 8 km/hr
Speed up = 6 km/hr
Speed of stream = (8-6)/2 = 1 km/hr
A man can row 6 km/hr in still water. It takes him
twice as long to row up as to row down the river.
Find the rate of stream
(a) 2 km/hr (b) 1 km/hr
(c) 2.5 km/hr (d) 1.5 km/hr

Ans: Checking the answers

Speed down = 2x speed up
6+2 = 2x(6-2)
Answer is 2 km/hr
The current of a stream runs at 1 km/hr. A
motor boat goes 35 kmph upstream and back
again to the starting point in 12 hours. The
speed of motor boat in still water is:
(a) 6 km/hr (b)7 km/hr
(c) 8 km/hr (d)8.5 km/hr
Ans: Checking the answer
35 35

6 1 6 1 = 7 + 5 = 12
Answer is 6 km/hr.
 A boat covers 24 km upstream and 36 km
downstream in 6 hours, whole it covers 36 km
upstream and 24 km downstream in 6 hours. The
velocity of the current is :
(a) 1.5 km/hr (b) 1 km/hr
(c) 2 km/hr (d) 2.5 km/hr
36 X 36 24 X 24
Ans: Speed up = 36 X 6.5 24 X 6 = 8 km/hr

36 X 36 24 X 24
Speed down = = 12 km/hr
36 X 6 24 X 6.5
Therefore velocity of current = 2 km/hr.

CALENDAR

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

January February September April

October May August March June December July
November

LEAP
YEAR February January
CENTURY NUMBER:
1600 0 ! R = 0 - Friday
1700 5 ! R = 1 - Saturday
1800 3 ! R = 2 - Sunday
1900 1 ! R = 3 - Monday
2000 0 ! R = 4 - Tuesday
2100 5 ! R = 5 - Wednesday
and so on . ! R = 6 - Thursday
Finding day for a date.
Example:17th June 1990
Date +month code + century number +
years + number of leap years .
17 + 5 + 1 + 90 + 22 =135
Divide by 7 . Get the remainder R = 2.
The day is Sunday.
 CLOCK
ANGLE BETWEEN THE TWO HANDS OF A
CLOCK AT A GIVEN TIME

Time : H hours M minutes

Angle : [H-(M/5)] X 30 + (M/2) if H-(M/5) is +ve

[(M/5)-H] X 30 - (M/2) else
 Finding the time when the angle between the hands is
given in an hour interval

Between H & H+1 hours,

angle b/w the hands is A0

Exact time will be 2(30H A)/11 minutes past H

Overtaking position between H hours and H+1 hours

60H/11 minutes past H

Straight and opposite position of hands

60(H+6)/11 minutes past H

Perpendicular position of the hands

60(H-3)/11 and 60(H+3)/11 minutes past H

Hands are perpendicular - 22 times in 12 hours

Hands are straight and opposite - 11 times in 12 hours
Hand overtakes the other - 11 times in 12 hours
 SIMPLE
AND
COMPOUND
INTEREST
The difference between simple interest and compound interest on
a sum at 12.5 % rate of interest for 3 years is Rs.600. Find the
sum.
(a) Rs.12,000 (b) Rs.12,288
(c) Rs.10,500 (d) Rs.11,484

Ans:
Q = 100/12.5 = 8
P = (83x 600) / [(3 x 8) + 1] = 12,288
At certain rate of simple interest a sum
amounts to Rs.12,800 in 4 years and
Rs.13,025 in 7 years. Find the rate of
interest.
(a) 0.5% (b)0.6% (c) 0.625% (d) 0.75 %

Ans :
Interest for 3 years = Rs.225
Interest for 1 years = Rs.75
Principal = 12800 (75x4) = 12500 Rs.
Rate of interest = 0.6%
Find the compound interest on a sum of Rs.
15,000 at 8% rate of annual interest for 3
years, the interest being compounded
annually.
(a) Rs.3,800 (b) Rs.3,888.48
(c) Rs.3,895.68 (d) Rs.3,985.88

Ans :
3 x 1200 + 3 x 96 + 1 x 7.68 = 3895.68
S.I = PNR/100
C.I S.I = D
2
For two years P= D
Q where
Q=100/R
Q3D
3Q 1
For three years P=
Q4D
6Q 4Q 1
2
For four years P=
HAVE
A
BRIGHT
FUTURE