System(UMTS)
&
High Speed Packet Access(HSPA)
Introduction
A third generation wireless telecommunication system and follows in
the footsteps of GSM and GPRS.
UMTS combines the properties of the circuit-switched voice network
with the properties of the packet-switched data network.
Instead of FTDMA in GSM & GPRS,UMTS uses code division multiple
Access (CDMA) to handle several users simultaneously.
CDMA
All users communicate on the same carrier frequency and at the same
time.(i.e All users have access to the whole bandwidth for the entire
duration.)
Different CDMA codes are used to distinguish among the different
users.
A signal is generated which extends over a wide bandwidth.
A code called spreading code is used to perform this action.
With such group of codes, which are orthogonal to each other, it is
possible to select a signal with a given code in the presence of many
other signals with different orthogonal codes.
CDMA In A Mathematical Point Of View
User data bits of individual users are first multiplied by a vector.
The resulting vectors are called Chips.
This process is known as spreading.
On the receiver side the multiplication can be reversed and deduced if
the sent bit represents a 0 or 1.
Example of using CDMA for simultaneous conversation between two users.
UMTS Channel Structure On the Air Interface
Two types of data flows (planes) exist.
1. User Plane-data is directly and transparently exchanged between the users
of a connection like voice data or IP packets.
2. Control Plane-responsible for all signaling data that is exchanged between
the users and the network.