A landslide is the movement of rock, debris or

earth down the slope of a hill or cliff. They result

from the failure of the materials which make up
the hill slope and are driven by the force of
gravity. Landslides are known also as landslips,
slumps or slope failure.
They can happen suddenly or move slowly over
long periods of time.
 Pyroclastic Density Currents (pyroclastic flows and
surges)
Lahars
and surgesStructural Collapse: Debris flow-
Avalanches
Dome Collapse and the formation of pyroclastic
flows
Lava flows
Tephra fall and ballistic projectiles
Volcanic gas
Tsunamis
Volcanic Lightning
 Shaking of the ground and ruprure
Landslides and avalanches
Fires
Soil Liquiefication
Tsunami
Floods
injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage,
general property damage, and collapse or
destabilization (potentially leading to future
collapse) of buildings. The aftermath may
bring disease, lack of basic necessities, mental
consequences such as panic attacks, depression to
survivors,[56] and higher insurance premiums.
 1. How do you feel after watching the video clip?
2. Have you experienced a phenomenon like
what the video showed?
3. Supposing you will experience this
phenomenon, what will you do?
 NATURAL HAZARDS,MITIGATION, AND
ADAPTATION:

Hydrometeorological Phenomena and Hazards

 At the end of the session, at least 80 % of the
learners are expected to:
1. describe the various hazards that may happen in
the wake of tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods,
or ipo-ipo.
Code: (S11/12ES-Ig-35)
 Hazard : A dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity or condition that
may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
Risk : The combination of the probability of an event and its negative
consequences.
Hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the
transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the
lower atmosphere. UNESCO[1] has several programmes and activities in place
that deal with the study of natural hazards of hydrometeorological origin and
the mitigation of their effects. Among these hazards are the results of natural
processes or phenomena of atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature
such as floods, tropical cyclones, drought and desertification.
Hydrometeorological hazard. Definition: Process or phenomenon of
atmospheric, hydrological or oceanographic nature that may cause loss of life,
injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and
services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.
 Form 5 groups
a. Discuss about your actual experiences either
on the following calamities: cyclones, monsoons,
floods and tornadoes
b. Describe and write the various hazards that
may happen in the wake of tropical cyclones,
monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo.
 Hydrometeorological Your actual experiences on Various Hazards
Phenomena the following calamities

Tropical Cyclones
(Typhoon)

Monsoons
(Amihan/Habagat)

Floods

Tornadoes/Ipo-ipo/
Buhawi
 Tropical Cyclones that develops in the north-western part of
the Pacific Ocean between 180 and 100E.
In the Philippines, tropical cyclones (typhoons) are called bagyo. The
term bagyo, a Filipino word meaning typhoon arose after a 1911
storm in the city of Baguio had a record rainfall of 46 inches within a
24-hour period..
Typically, they begin over warm tropical waters. They derive their
energy from the evaporation of water from the warm ocean surface,
which ultimately recondenses into clouds and rain, while the moist air
rises and cools in the atmosphere.
Cyclones can have increased strength of wind. When this happens,
they can develop into tropical depressions. As the strength of the
wind increases, the tropical depression (45 to 62 km/h) develops into
a storm (63 to 117 km/h), then into a typhoon (118 to 239 km/h),
and finally into a super typhoon (240 km/h or higher.)

When classes are suspended because of a typhoon, how do

you usually feel? Should you be happy or sad?
 Strong winds

The strength of winds can destroy lightweight structures and uproot plants and trees.
Super typhoons can even wipe out an entire community, leaving families homeless.

Heavy rainfall leading to flooding

Some typhoons are associated with continuous and heavy rains. The identified primary
causes of immediate flooding stem from either clogged drainage or low elevation of
affected areas. Flooding can even worsen in places with high density of population and
narrow spaces. During rainy seasons, rainwater may not subside for days if the drainage
systems are clogged, or there are obstructions in the pathways of water. This can lead to
more problems such as:
1. Disruption of commercial and industrial operations, leading to loss of income;
2. Displacement of affected families;
3. Damaged properties resulting from corrosion and water intrusion; and
4. Health diseased including leptospirosis, and pathological diseases caused by
waterborne agents.
 A tornado or locally known as ipo-ipo is a
rapidly swirling condensation funnel whose
narrow end comes in contact with the ground.
Usually, the violent swirling air column carries
debris and other objects that it can pick up from
the ground.
Tornadoes occur anywhere in the Philippines at
an average of 12 to 24 times in a year (PAGASA,
2011).
 Strong whirling winds

As the winds move toward the center (centripetal force), the impact breaks
objects along its path. Depending on strength, the whirling wind can also
pick up objects as heavy as vehicles. From midair going down, these objects
can smash other objects or hit people as they fall to the ground.

Flying debris and dust

Fragments of destroyed objects are hurled away, and soil particles scatter
around the area, potentially hitting or slamming onto a structure or person.

Fire

Tornadoes can destroy power lines and cause fire. At night, sparks seen fro
tornado site can mean snapping power lines that have been damaged by the
passing tornado.
 At daytime, air over land areas is warmer than
air over bodies of water.
- Flow of air from the sea to land is called sea
breeze
 At night, land cools faster than water bodies. Sea
air is warmer than land air. Sea air rises, land air
takes its place. This is the Land Breeze.

The name of the wind tells where it originates.

 Huge land and sea breezes are called monsoons.
seasonal winds, derived from mauism, the Arabic
word for season.

Northeast monsoon
October February
Winds blows from cooler continent to warmer
ocean.
It comes from northern Asia and blows toward the
Pacific Ocean.
Cold season Philippines cool, dry season to
the northern.
Winter season north temperate and polar areas.
Hanging Amihan
 thunderstorms, lightning, heavy rainfall, and
flooding, all of which may lead to property
damage and health risks.
 Southwest monsoon
Winds blows from cooler ocean to warmer
continent.
It comes from the Pacific Ocean and brings
rainy and typhoon season to the Philippines.
Oceans winds bring in warm, moist air,
therefore heavy rains and warm temperatures
over the land
Hanging Habagat
 Habagat
The habagat or the southwest monsoon is
characterized by hot and humid atmosphere
with frequent heavy rainfall. It begins in early
June and ends in August or September. In some
cases, habagat may bring about problems and
hazards during extreme heat and drought. Here,
water shortage challenges all sectors of the
society, especially the agricultural industries.
Lack of water for irrigation can decrease crop
yield.
 Identification: Identify the word that to complete a statement.
Write your answer in a sheet of paper.
______________1. usually characterized by inward
spiraling winds that rotate counterclockwise in the Northern
Hemisphere
______________2. is the term for the wind that carries heavy
rains to southern Asia, and the rains themselves, the real
thing only occurs in Asia.
______________3. is an overflow of water that submerges land
which is usually dry.
______________4. a violent windstorm of limited extent
characterised by an inward spiral motion
______________5. Derived from mauism, the Arabic word for
season.
 Using a using hazard maps, identify areas in the
Philippines prone to hazards brought about by
tropical cyclones, monsoons, floods, or ipo-ipo.
You can browse to the internet. Write your answers
in a
Thank you..