Term Project Presentation

on

Design of Half wave Dipole

Antenna

Md Saif H2016124031
Mounesh H2016124024
Department of Elctronics and Communication
BITS Pilani Hyderbad Campus

1
 OUTLINE

Motivation
Literature Review
Introduction
Design
Simulation Results & Discussion
Conclusion
References

2
 MOTIVATION

In Commercial communication one of the objectives is to reduce cost of reciever without

compromising the reception quality.
Dipole antenna is the simplest, usually the least expensive and most popular type of radio antenna
Dipole antennas offer the advantage of receiving balanced signals. The two-pole design enables
the device to receive signals from a variety of frequencies. It also helps the device sort out
problems caused by conflicting signals without losing reception quality.

3
 INTRODUCTION

Antennas are an indispensable part of any wireless communication system

Antennas can be thought of as a transducer that converts radio waves into electrical
currents and voltages and vice versa. More specifically, these are devices designed to
radiate or receive electromagnetic energy efficiently in a prescribed manner.
Among many types of antenna wire antenna form a major part.

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 WIRE ANTENNAS

Wire antennas are some of the oldest, simplest, cheapest but at the same time, most
versatile variety of antenna. If we take a current that is varying as a function of time,
makes the electric charges to undergo acceleration and deceleration. So when the
charges accelerate or decelerate, there is a possibility of electromagnetic radiation.

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 HERTZIAN DIPOLE

Hertz dipole
An infinitesimal element excited with an alternating current is called the Hertz dipole.
A dipole whose length 'l ' is much smaller compared to the wavelength ' ' of the
excited wave i.e. l << (l < /10) is known as infinitesimal dipole. An infinitesimal
linear wire is positioned symmetrically at the origin and oriented along the z-axis as
shown in Fig
For simplicity the current is assumed to
have constant magnitude along the length l .

The Hertz dipole has a limitation that its

radiation resistance is too small and
consequently is not a very efficient radiator. In
practice dipole antennas of lengths comparable
to the wavelength are used.

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 DIPOLE ANTENNA

In radio and telecommunications a dipole antenna or doublet is the simplest and most
widely used class of antenna.
It consists of two identical conductive elements such as metal wires or rods, which are
usually bilaterally symmetrical The driving current from the transmitter is applied, or
for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the two halves
of the antenna. Each side of the feedline to the transmitter or receiver is connected to
one of the conductors.

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 FIELD REGIONS

There are three field regions for dipole antenna

1
called electrostatic field region
3
1
called inductive field region
2
1
called far field or Radiation field .

The propagating wave is a transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave.

Power radiated and radiation resistance

=


=
Thus half wave dipole dipole is capable of delivering greater amounts of power to
space than hertzian dipole

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 LITERATURE REVIEW

In 2015 A. Osman ; Alaa A. Yassin ; B. Ali ; H. Ahmed ; S. Noor, presented paper on

half wave dipole antenna for LTE application .In this paper, an attempt has been made
to investigate new half wave dipole antenna for LTE Applications The antenna is made
to resonate at the 2.6 GHz frequency. The bandwidth of implemented half wave dipole
is 200MHz.[1]

[1]A. Osman ; Alaa A. Yassin ; B. Ali ; H. Ahmed ; S. Noor, Design and Simulation of High Performance Half
wave-dipole Antenna for L TE Applications, International Conference on Computing, Control, Networking,
Electronics and Embedded Systems Engineering, 2015

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 DESIGN OF HALF WAVE DIPOLE

Operating frequency=2.6GHz = 115.384

Length of dipole = = .


Radius of dipole = = .


Length of feed = = .

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 PERFORMANCE PARAMETRES OF DIPOLE ANTENNA

Typical parameters of antennas are gain, radiation pattern, beamwidth, polarization, and
impedance.

A standard rule of thumb in antenna design is an antenna can be made more broadband
by increasing the volume it occupies. Hence, a dipole antenna can be made more
broadband by increasing the radius of the dipole. These antennas are also known as
wideband dipoles

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 PROPOSED DESIGN[WIDEBAND DIPOLE]

In our design we will see the effect of changing the radius of dipole on bandwidth. As
we keep on increasing the radius dipole ,bandwidth will increase.
Operating frequency=2.6GHz = 115.384

Length of dipole = = .
Radius of dipole =variable

Length of feed = = .

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 SIMULATED RESULTS

11 for dipole radius=0.115mm

13
VSWR

14
ANTENNA GAIN

15
Radiation pattern

16

for dipole radius= =0.230708mm

17

for dipole radius= =0.4615mm

18

for dipole radius= = . mm

19

for dipole radius= = . mm

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 DISCUSSION ON RESULTS

Radius of dipole in mm Bandwidth in Mhz % change in BW

180 10
= 0.076
1500
200
=0.115
1000
230 15
=0.230708
500
260 30
=0.4615
250
300 50
=1.153
100As it is clearly seen from above table with increase in radius of dipole bandwidth

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BW VS Radius of Dipole

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 DISCUSSION ON RESULTS

As we have seen from the results above with increase in radius of dipole Wideband
band dipole antennas can be designed operating at same frequencies. But radius can
only be increased to certain limit above which we cant get advantage of wider
bandwidths.

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 REFERENCES

Matthew N. O Sadiku Principles of Electromagnetics , 2013, pp. 545-555.

A. Osman ; Alaa A. Yassin ; B. Ali ; H. Ahmed ; S. Noor, Design and Simulation of

High Performance Half wave-dipole Antenna for L TE Applications, International
Conference on Computing, Control, Networking, Electronics and Embedded Systems
Engineering, 2015

Amandeep Bath, Abhishek Thakur, Jitender Sharma , Basudeo Prasad, Analyzing the
Different Parameters of Dipole Antenna International Journal of Electrical &
Electronics Engineering, Vol. 1, Spl. Issue 1 (March 2014),India

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