Republic of the Philippines

LAGUNA STATE POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS
Sta. Cruz, Laguna

GRADUATE STUDIES AND APPLIED RESEARCH

Verbal/Written and Non-verbal Communication;

Organizational Change and Work Motivation
Course Code : EM 505
Course Title : Institutional Management and Control
Professor : Mario C. Pasion, Ed. D. Ffp
Reporter : Cherrymay C. Molde
Communication
What is
communication? VER
Communication is the process of sending and receiving
messages through verbal and nonverbal means including speech or
oral communication, writing or written communication, signs, signals,
and behavior.
What are the most common ways or
methods on how we COMMUNICATE
with people around us?
VERBAL COMMUNICATION
According to Penrose and others, Verbal
communication consists of sharing thoughts
thought the meaning of words.

According to Bovee and others, Verbal

communication is the expression of
information through language which is
composed of words and grammar.
VERBAL COMMUNICATION MAY BE TWO TYPES:
ORAL and WRITTEN Communication.
ORAL COMMUNICATION
In oral communication,
spoken words are used
It includes face-to-face
conversations, speech,
telephonic conversation,
video, radio, television,
voice over internet
Communication is
influence by pitch, volume,
speed and clarity of
speaking
 It brings quick feedback
In a face-to-face conversation, by reading
facial expression and body language one
can guess whether he/she should trust whats
being said or not
More personal and informal.
Makes immediate impact.
Helps us correct our messages according
to the feedback and non-verbal cues
from the listener
 A word once uttered cant be taken
back.
Impact may be short lived.
It can be forgotten easily.
There is no legal evidence of oral
communication.
WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Written signs or symbols are
used to communicate
Can be transmitted via
email, letter, report,
memo, etc.
Most common form of
communication being used
in business
 Creates a permanent record
Allows you to store information for
future reference
Easily distributed
All recipients receive the same information
Written communication helps in laying down apparent
principles, policies and rules for running of an organization.
It is a permanent means of communication. Thus, it is useful where
record maintenance is required.
Written communication is more precise and explicit.
 Effective written communication
develops and enhances an
organizations image
It provides ready records and
references
It assists in proper delegation of
responsibilities
Necessary for legal and binding documentation
 Written communication does not
save upon the costs.
If the receivers of the written
message are separated by distance
and if they need to clear their doubts,
the response is not spontaneous.
Written communication is time-consuming
as the feedback is not immediate.
Poor writing skills and quality have a negative impact
on organizations reputation.
Too much paper work and e-mails burden is involved
Common Etiquettes in Written Communication
Focus on format
The various formal writing forms have a pre-determined,
universally accepted format that accompanies them.

Structuring of the content

While writing one should ensure that the content is well organized,
with the overview/basic details comprising the introduction

Ensuring connectivity
The content that comprises a piece of writing should reflect fluency and should be
connected through a logical flow of thought, in order to prevent misinterpretation
and catch the attention of the reader.
Steering clear of short form
People may not be aware of the meaning of various short forms and may thus
find it difficult to interpret them.

Importance of grammar, spelling and punctuation

Improper grammar, spelling and punctuation can at worst
cause miscommunication and at least results in unwanted
humor and should be thus avoided.

Importance of creativity

In order to hold the readers' attention one needs to be

creative to break the tedium of writing and prevent
monotony from creeping in.
Avoiding excessive use of jargon
Excessive use of jargon can put off a reader.
Good writing features:

Completeness
Correctness
Credibility

Clarity
Conciseness
Consideration
Vitality
Types of Writing

E-mails
Letters and Memos
Agendas
Reports
Promotional Material
Academic Documents
Research (scientific) manuscripts
White Papers
NON VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Non-verbal communication includes

any communication occurring without
the use of words.

It is a communication
that takes place through non-verbal cues:
through such form of non-verbal
communication as gesture, eye contact,
facial expression, clothing and space; and
through the non-verbal vocal communication
known as Para-language.
 Forms of Non Verbal Communication

Eye Contact
Eye contact, a key characteristic of nonverbal
communication, expresses much without using a single word.

Eye contact also establish the

nature of a relationship.

Facial Expressions
Facial expressions are the key characteristics of nonverbal
communication. Your facial expression can communicate
happiness, sadness, anger or fear.
Posture
Posture and how you carry your self tells a lot about you.
How you walk, sit, stand or hold your head not only
indicates your current mood, but also your personality in
general.

Haptic or Touch
Haptic communication is communicating by touch.
Touch or Haptics is the characteristic of nonverbal
communication and used when we come into physical
contact with other people.
Gestures
A gesture is a characteristic of nonverbal communication
in which visible body actions communicate particular
message.

Gestures include movement of the hands, face, or other parts

of the body.
Personal space
Personal space is your "bubble" - the space you place
between yourself and others. This invisible boundary
becomes apparent only when someone bumps or tries to
enter your bubble.
Non-verbal communication is any information that is communicated without using
words. The important characteristics of non-verbal communication are as follows:

No use of Different May conflict with Shows feelings and

words meaning verbal message attitudes

Culturally Vague and Largely Informality

determined imprecise unconscious
 Verbal V.S. Non Verbal
Communication

Although verbal communication is easier to understand,

non-verbal communication is essential to understand not
only a message, but more importantly, the feelings behind the
message.
ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE

Organizational Change refers to a

modification or transformation of the
organizations structure, processes or goods.

It is a change that has an impact on

the way work is performed and has
significant effects on staff.
Organization Changes can be:

In the structure of an organization

In the structure of an organizational
operation and size of a workforce
In working hours or practices
In the way roles are carried out
In the scope of a role that results
in a change in the working situation,
structure, terms and conditions or
environment
TYPES OF CHANGES

Planned Change
It is change resulting from a deliberate
decision to alter the organization. It is an
intentional, goal oriented activity.

Unplanned Change
It is imposed on the organization and is
often unforeseen.
Forces for Change in Organization

External Forces Internal Forces

Technological Changes in managerial

change personnel
Globalization Declining effectiveness
Social & Changes in work climate
Political changes Deficiencies in existing
Workforce system
diversity Crisis
Employee expectation
CHANGE AGENT
Change Agent is anyone who has
the skill and power to stimulate,
facilitate, and coordinate the
change effort.

Roles of Change Agent

Consulting

Training
Research
Skills of Change Agent:

Empathy
Empathy leads to improved communication
and understanding between the change
agent and organization members.

Linkage
This refers to the extent to which the change
agent and organization members are tied
together in collaborative activities.

Proximity
This refers to the physical and psychological
closeness of the change agent and organiza
tion members.
 Structuring
This factor refers to the ability of the change agent an
d organization members to clearly plan and
organize their activities concerning the change effort.

Openness
This characteristic refers to the degree to which the
change agent and organization members are willing
to hear, respond to, and be influenced by one another.

Reward
This refers to the nature and variety of potential
positive outcomes of the change effort that might
accrue to the change agent and organization members.

Resistance to Change
Individual Resistance
Individual sources of resistance to
change reside in basic human
characteristics such as perceptions,
personalities & needs.
Reasons of Individual Resistance
Economic ReasonThe economic reason of
resistance to change usually focus on:
Fear of technological unemployment.
Fear of demotion & thus reduced pay.
Fear of reduced work hours &
consequently less pay.
Fear of Loss- When a change is impending,
some employees may fear losing their jobs,
status particularly when an advanced
technology is introduce
Security people with a high
need for security are likely to
resist change because it threatens
their feeling of safety.
Status quo- change may pose Disruption of Interpersonal Relation-
disturbance to the existing employees may resist change that
comforts of status quo. threatens to limit meaningful
interpersonal relationships on the job.

Peer Pressure- individual Social Displacement- introduction of

employees may be prepared to change often results in disturbance of the
accept change but refuse to accept existing social relationships. Change may
it for the sake of the group. also result in breaking up of work groups.
 Reasons of Organizational Resistance

Organizational Resistance Resource constraint- resources are major

Individual sources of resistance constraints for many organizations. The
to change reside in basic human necessary financial, material & human
characteristics such as perceptions, resources may not be available to the
personalities & needs. organization to make the needed changes.

Structural inertia some organizational

structures have in-built mechanism for
resistance to change.

Politics- Organizational changes may

also shift the existing balance of power
in an organization.
Managing Resistance to Change

Education & Communication

Participation

Empathy & Support

Negotiation

Manipulation & Cooptation

Coercion
 WORK MOTIVATION
Work Motivation refers to the
human drive to work in order to
gain rewards from that work,
whether those rewards be
physical, emotional, social or
monetary.

If you are working at a job because
you get a great feeling of personal
satisfaction from it, and you are trying extrinsically motivated.
to perform the behavior for its own
sake (not for money), and then you are
intrinsically motivated.
Why do you work ?
If you work or study because of money,
a degree or good grades you are
You are not working at a job because you
get a great feeling of personal satisfaction
from it or because it makes you feel good
about yourself (that you are a good person),
but rather to gain some kind of reward.
While what people want from work is situational, depending on the person, his needs and
the rewards that are meaningful to him, giving people what they want from work is really
quite straight forward. People want:

Control of their work inspires motivation

-including such components as the ability to have an impact on decisions;
-setting clear and measurable goals;
-clear responsibility for a complete, or at least defined, task;
-job enrichment;
-tasks performed in the work itself; and
-recognition for achievement

To belong to the in-crowd creates motivation

-including items such as receiving timely information and communication;

-understanding management's formulas for decision making;
-team and meeting participation opportunities; and
-visual documentation and posting of work progress and accomplishments
The opportunity for growth and development is motivational
-includes education and training; career paths;
-team participation;
-succession planning;
-cross-training; and
-field trips to successful workplaces

Leadership is the key in motivation

People want clear expectations that provide a picture of the outcomes des
ired with goal setting and feedback and an appropriate structure or fram
ework.
References:
Richard Nordquist, https://www.thoughtco.com/what-is-nonverbal-
communication-1691351
What is verbal communication and non-verbal communication?Copyright
2013 - 2017 by The Business Communication
Work Motivation, AlleyDog.com. https://www.alleydog.com/glossary/
definition.php?term=Work%20Motivation
THANK YOU!