AND AWARENESS
2
INTRODUCTION
3
INTRODUCTION
4
REQUIREMENTS
6
REQUIREMENTS
7
REQUIREMENTS
Health care facilities should have a log book which has to be
filled properly by the HCF for the purpose of tracking and
maintaining a record of all disposed medical waste. The log
book must include the following information such as the date
and time the waste was collected, name of the waste, type of
waste, the weight of the waste and the name and signature from
both parties (the facility designated person and waste collection
company designated person).
8
REQUIREMENTS
EMPLOYER
It is the responsibility of the HCFs management to ensure proper
implementation of this policy.
EMPLOYEE
It is the responsibility of all staff working in a HCF to abide by this
policy, and the waste management policies and procedures of the
HCF they work in.
12
PROCEDURE OF WASTE
HANDLING
WASTE STORAGE
WASTE DISPOSAL
13
GENERAL
14
WASTE STORAGE
15
WASTE STORAGE
All laboratory waste (group C) shall be stored in a refrigerated,
lockable, closed storage pending disposal.
There must be enough space around stored waste containers/
bags to allow regular inspection for leakage or label
deterioration.
Waste bags and containers should be sealed (such as with
adhesive tape) and labelled with the address of the producer
and the waste category, and marked with a biohazard sign for
medical waste.
Waste should not be stored close to patients or where food is
prepared.
16
PACKAGING AND COLOUR
CODES
Group A waste
Group B waste
Group C waste
Group D waste
Group E waste
Group F waste
17
GROUP A WASTE
Anatomical or pathological waste, waste contaminated with
human blood or other body fluids, excreta, vomit, human tissue,
wastes from contagious diseases, dirty bandages, bed sheets,
animal remains and all other materials on which animal lay or
cloth or used by animal whether contaminated or not and
mortuary wastes.
18
GROUP A WASTE
Heavy duty polyethylene (gauge 400) Red Colour Bags
clearly marked with the phrase Contagious Wastes.
19
GROUP B WASTE
20
GROUP B WASTE
Heavy duty thick polyethylene plastic boxes of Yellow Colour
internationally known as Sharp Object Boxes clearly marked
with the phrase Sharp Objects. The boxes for preserving
such waste shall be tightly sealed with a cap or lock or any other
means so as not be opened and must not be stowed for more
than 75% of their capacity.
21
GROUP C WASTE
22
GROUP C WASTE
24
GROUP D WASTE
Pharmaceutical, Chemical & Poisonous waste.
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE: Pharmaceutical that are expired
or no longer used or needed, items contaminated by or
containing pharmaceuticals bottles, boxes.
CHEMICAL WASTE: Laboratory reagents, film developer,
disinfectants that are expired or no longer needed, solvents
25
GROUP D WASTE
PHARMACEUTICAL WASTE:
All packed pharmaceutical partially used or expired shall be
returned to the pharmacy to their original containers, then
stored in bags of polyethylene of medium duty (gauge 300)
of Yellow Colour marked up (Medical wastes) . Bags should
be tied in their neck and should not be filled more than the
capacity and shall be stored until collection and disposal.
26
GROUP D WASTE
POISONOUS WASTE: All cellular or poisonous materials shall
be returned to a predetermined point inside the pharmacy in
which such materials are prepared or issued. All poisonous
cellular medicines and other materials contaminated with cellular
poisonous drugs and medicines (except for under skin needles
and other sharp objects classified under Group B waste, shall be
placed in heavy duty (gauge 400) polyethylene bags of Yellow
Colour clearly marked up Poisonous (Cellular Cytotoxic) Waste-
and such bags should not be filled more than 65% of their
capacity and tied in the neck and properly stored until collection
and disposal by incineration.
27
GROUP D WASTE
29
GROUP E WASTE
All used materials receiving patient secretions and stomach
waste and other waste (except patient suffering from contagious
disease listed under Group A) shall be placed in medium duty
(gauge 300) Yellow Polyethylene Bags. These bags should not
be filled more than 65% of their capacity, shall be tied, and
tagged as Medical waste of Group E. These bags must be
isolated in a separate place from other medical waste (usually cut
into small pieces and disinfected before treatment).
30
GROUP F WASTE
31
GROUP F WASTE
Must be kept in special security areas allocated for storing this
kind of waste until expiry of half of their expected lives stored
in special containers , marked and labelled and sent back to the
manufacturer.
32
WASTE DISPOSAL
33
ROUTES OF HAZARD
EXPOSURE
INHALATION
INGESTION
INJECTION
ABSORBTION
34
CONTINGENCY PLANNING
38
Examples of Contingencies Related
to Healthcare Waste
Contingencies related to waste treatment/disposal
Breakdown of waste treatment autoclave or
incinerator
Downtime due to maintenance or repair of treatment
technology or lack of spare parts
Temporary closure of the landfill
39
Examples of Contingencies Related
to Healthcare Waste
Contingencies related to spills
Spills of blood, breakage or leaks of infectious waste bags or
containers, breakage of mercury
- containing devices, spills of chemicals (e.g., laboratory solvent,
cytotoxic agent or pharmaceuticals)
Contingencies related to labor
Lack of human resources, impact of strikes or illness among waste
workers or waste collectors, illness of waste supervisor
Exposure incidents
Needle-stick injuries, exposure to blood splashes, exposure to
pathogenic aerosols from infectious waste, acid burns 40
Examples of Possible Responses to
Some Contingencies
Lack of color-coded bags, bins or sharps containers
Use markings or labels as a temporary substitute for color-
coding; use make-shift containers that provide a similar level of
safety (e.g., labeled bleach bottles as sharps containers)
Overfilled storage area
Designate an unused space for backup storage; modify the
space to prevent public access
41
Examples of Possible Responses to
Some Contingencies
Breakdown of the on-site waste treatment system
Make prior arrangements with another hospital or waste
treatment plant to treat the facilitys waste in the event of a
breakdown
Temporary closure of the landfill
Make prior arrangements with another landfill as a
backup to accept the facilitys waste
42
Examples of Possible Responses to
Some Contingencies
Contingencies related to spills
Prepare spill clean-up procedures, conduct training including
practice clean-up of simulated spills
Illness among waste workers
Train other employees or part-time workers in healthcare waste
handling and collection as backup
Exposure incidents
Develop clear procedures for exposure incidents 43
PPE
The following PPE can significantly reduce health risks for
workers from exposure
Gloves
Gowns
Face shields or Masks
Laboratory coats
Wearing eye protection
Pocket masks
Other protective gear 44
PPE
PPE must be readily accessible to employees
and available in appropriate sizes
Employers must provide appropriate PPE and
clothing free of charge to employees
PPE clothing and equipment must be suitable
45
PPE
46
REFERENCES
World Health Organization. Policy Paper on safe health care waste
management (August2004). Available at
http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/medicalwaste/en/hc
wmpolicye.HCPf. Accessed 21 January, 2007.
World Health Organization. Aide Memoir for a National Strategy
for Health care waste. Management. Available at:
http://www.who.int/immunization_safety/publications/waste_man
agement/en/AM_E_ waste_management.HCPf. Accessed 22,
January, 2007.
Laboratory Center for Disease Control, Health Canada. Infection
Control Guideline, Communicable Disease Report; December
1998; Volume 2458; Ontario, Canada. 47
REFERENCES
International Finance Corporation. Report on Environment, Health
and Safety guidelines for Health Care Facilities, Jan 2002. Available at:
http://www.no burn.org/action/IFCdraftHealthCare.HCPf.
Accessed 21, January, 2007.
UAE Federal Law No. 24, 1999 for the Protection and Development
of the Environment.
UAE Federal Law No. 21 of 2005, Waste management in the Emirate
of Abu Dhabi.
UAE Law no. 31 for the year 2001, Schedule 3, Amendment of the
UAE Law No 24, 1999. 48
ANY DOUBTS??????
QUESTIONS 49
ATIS-012-BOSH12-PPT-Rev.0.2 50