WHO TB FACTS

1/3 OF THE ENTIRE WORLD'S POPULATION IS INFECTED

WITH THE TB GERM.
8.7 MILLION PEOPLE FELL ILL WITH TB IN 2011, INCLUDING
1.1 MILLION CASES AMONG PEOPLE WITH HIV.
IN 2011, 1.4 MILLION PEOPLE DIED FROM TB, INCLUDING 430
000 AMONG PEOPLE WHO WERE HIV-POSITIVE.
 MYCOBACTERIUM SPECIES
1. M. TUBERCULOSIS COMPLEX
M. TUBERCULOSIS HUMAN TYPE
M. BOVIS BOVINE TYPE
M. AFRICANUM HUMAN TYPE
M. MICROTI MURINE TYPE
2. LEPRAE BACILLI
M. LEPRAE LEPROSY IN MAN
M. LEPRAE MURIUM RAT LEPROSY
3. ATYPICAL MYCOBACTERIA (MOTT) RUNYON CLASSIFICATION
LTBI VS. TB DISEASE
Latent TB Infection (LTBI) TB Disease (in the lungs)
Inactive, contained tubercle bacilli Active, multiplying tubercle bacilli
in the body in the body
TST or blood test results usually TST or blood test results usually
positive positive
Chest x-ray usually normal Chest x-ray usually abnormal
Sputum smears and cultures Sputum smears and cultures may
negative be positive
No symptoms Symptoms such as cough, fever,
weight loss
Not infectious Often infectious before treatment
Not a case of TB A case of TB
TRANSMISSION OF TB
SPREAD BY AIRBORNE AND DROPLET
MOST EXPOSED PERSON DO NOT BECOME INFECTED
ONLY 10% OF INFECTED PEOPLE DEVELOP ACTIVE DISEASE IN THEIR LIFETIME
PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV INFECTED WITH TB HAVE 10% RISK OF DEVELOPING
ACTIVE DISEASE EVERY YEAR
HIGHER RISK OF DEVELOPING ACTIVE DISEASE WITHIN THE FIRST 2 YEARS OF
INFECTION

Guidelines for Preventing the Transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Health-Care Settings, 2005
FACTORS AFFECTING TRANSMISSION
CONCENTRATION OF INFECTIOUS DROPLET NUCLEI IN THE AIR
(NO PERMISSIBLE LEVEL OF EXPOSURE TO TB BACILLI)
DURATION OF EXPOSURE.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE TB PATIENT
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERSON EXPOSED TO MTB

Guidelines on Prevention and Management of Tuberculosis for

Healthcare workers in Ministry of Health Malaysia