P L E

LT I S
M U S I
R O
C L E
S
 HISTORY
The earliest description of MULTIPLE
SCLEROSIS (MS) was recorded in Holland
in August 4, 1421. But the researchers say
that the history was actually begun in 19th
century.

The first actual case was diagnosed in the

year 1849. It was Dr. Jean Martin Charcot
who gave the signs and symptoms of MS for
 DEFINITION
Multiple Sclerosis is an Auto Immune Disease in which the
body starts to destroy itself.

It is a life-long disease with no cure, can control symptoms.

In MS, the body attacks and destroys the fatty tissue called
Myelin that insulates an axon/nerve, and is called
demyelination.

If damage is severe, it can also destroy the nerve/axon itself

MS affects the central nervous system and inflames the

white matter in the brain which creates plaques.
DEMYELINATION
AREAS AFFECTED DUE
TO MS
MS affects the following areas of human
body:

Brain
Spinal cord
Optic nerves
ETIOLOGY
Infection
Physical injury
Emotional stress
Excessive fatigue
Pregnancy
Poor state of health
 TYPES OF MS
Following are the different types of
MS:
Relapsing remitting MS
Primary progressive MS
Progressive relapsing MS
Secondary progressive MS
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO
MS
Environmental factors
Genetic factors
Epigenetic, post genomic and
regulatory events
Internal state of mind
Genome allelic variants
VARIOUS SIGNS AND
SYMPTOMS OF MS
Memory loss
Depression
Urinary and bowel problems
Weakness and exhaustion
Difficulty in walking
Vision impairment
Tingling and numbness of skin and limbs
 CAUSES OF MS
The exact cause of the Multiple Sclerosis is
unknown.

In MS affected patients, a higher number of

immune cells can be seen which suggests that
there might be an immune response, this is
suspected due to a virus or the gene defect.

Other causes may be mostly related to

environmental and hereditary .
 DIAGNOSIS
No single test to diagnose Multiple Sclerosis.

Diagnosis relies recognition of clinical

patterns of the disease as well as the exclusion
of the possible mimics.

Waxing and waning neurological deficit is the

Hall mark of the disease.

Supported by MRI studies, CSF & provoked

potential studies.
 TREATMENT FOR MS
Although there is no cure for the MS, treatment
aims to reduce the number of relapse or attacks and
to decrease the severity when they occur.
Some of the treatments for MS are:

Medications
Chemotherapy
Occupational therapy
MRI devoted to neurological imaging
ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENTS
Yoga
Aromatherapy
Acupuncture
Homeopathy
Meditation
Reflexology
Dietary supplements
Herbal medication
Chiropractic
Physiotherapy