(ENGLIS MEASLES)
Agent
Agent- RNA virus ( Paramyxo virus family,
genus Morbillivirus )
Source of infection-cases of measles,
but not carriers.
No animal reservoir
Infective material- Nasal secretion ,Respiratory
tract &Throat
Communicability- Highly infectious during
prodromal period and at the time of eruption.
Secondary attack rate- > 80%
Host factors
Age- 6 months to 3 years even up to 10
years
Incidence equal in both sexes
Immunity life long immunity
Malnourished children are susceptible
Environmental factor
Icosahedral
shape
Contains RNA
German Measles Symptoms
Rubella comes from
the Latin words for
little red
Creates dense groups
of small skin rash
Produces swollen
lymph nodes, runny
nose, and fever
German Measles Transmission
Spread through
respiratory
droplets from
coughing and
sneezing
Also spread
through body
secretions and
excretions
Rubella is sometime called German Measles
or 3-day Measles.
The synonym "3-day measles" derives from
the typical course of rubella exanthema that
starts initially on the face and neck and
spreads centrifugally to the trunk and
extremities within 24 hours.
It then begins to fade on the face on the second
day and disappears throughout the body by
the end of the third day.
It is a generally mild disease caused by the
rubella virus.
Agent RNA virus (Togo virus family),
Genus Rubivirus.
Source of infection Respiratory secretion
Host -3-10 yrs
Immunity life long
Environmental factors winter and spring
season
Transmission droplet, vertical transmission
I.P 2-3 weeks average 18 days
Eye pain on lateral and upward eye
movement (a particularly troublesome
complaint)
Conjunctivitis
Sore throat
Headache
General body aches
Low-grade fever
Chills
Anorexia
Nausea
Tender lymphadenopathy (particularly
posterior auricular and suboccipital lymph
nodes)
Helical shape
RNA virus
Mumps Symptoms
Infects salivary glands,
especially the parotid
gland
Primary symptom is
swollen checks
Can also cause fever,
headache, and malaise
Testicular inflammation
is common, ovarian
inflammation can
happen but is rare
Mumps
Mumps Transmission
Spread through
airborne
transmission of
respiratory droplets
by sneezing and
coughing
Also spread from
direct contact with
saliva
Agent
Myxovirus parotidis RNA virus
Source of infection Respiratory,
milk
Period of communicability 4-6 days
of onset of symptoms
Secondary attack rate 86%
Age & sex 5-15 yrs and girls
common
Immunity - life long
Environmental factor winter and
spring season favors
Mode of transmission droplet
I.P - 2 to 3 weeks
Clinical features
Parotid swelling
Ovaritis
Pancreatitis
Ear ache
Orchitis
Complications
Orchitis
Epididymitis
Oophoiritis
Spontaneous abortion
Sensori neural hearing loss, (uni- or bilateral).
Mild form of meningitis
Encephalitis
Mumps Vaccine
10 strains of the mumps virus are in use
throughout the world for the preparation of
live attenuated vaccine.
Jeryl Lynn strain which was named after
the child from whom the virus was
isolated.
Leningrad-3 strain
Urabe strain
Hoshino, Torii and NKM - 46 strains
L-Zagreb
MMR Vaccine
Live attenuated strains of Edmonston-Zagreb
Measles virus propagated on human diploid cell
culture,
L-Zagreb Mumps virus propagated on chick
embryo fibroblast cells
Wistar RA 27/3 Rubella virus propagated on
human diploid cell culture.
The reconstituted vaccine contains, in single dose of 0.5
ml. not less than
1000 CCID50 of Measles virus
5000 CCID50 of Mumps virus
1000 CCID50 of Rubella virus.
Diluent : Sterile water for injection.
The vaccine meets the requirements of USP and WHO
when tested by the methods outlined in USP and WHO,
TRS 840 (1994).
For active immunization in children of 12 months to 12
years of age against Measles, Mumps and Rubella
infections MMR Vaccine to be given
For immunisation of susceptible non pregnant,
adolescent and adult females, we have to use Rubella
Vaccine)
Measles vaccine has to be given at 9 months,
If Measles vaccine is given ,a 3 months gap is
advisable to give MMR vaccine
MMR vaccine may be given between 12-15 months of
age.
If Measles vaccine was missed , MMR dose replaces
it, when given at or after 12 months.
Parotid swelling
Ovaritis
Pancreatitis
Ear ache
Orchitis
Complications
Orchitis
Epididymitis
Oophoiritis
Spontaneous abortion
Sensori neural hearing loss, (uni- or bilateral).
Mild form of meningitis
Encephalitis
Mumps Vaccine
10 strains of the mumps virus are in use
throughout the world for the preparation of
live attenuated vaccine.
Jeryl Lynn strain which was named after
the child from whom the virus was
isolated.
Leningrad-3 strain
Urabe strain
Hoshino, Torii and NKM - 46 strains
L-Zagreb
MMR Vaccine
Live attenuated strains of Edmonston-Zagreb
Measles virus propagated on human diploid cell
culture,
L-Zagreb Mumps virus propagated on chick
embryo fibroblast cells
Wistar RA 27/3 Rubella virus propagated on
human diploid cell culture.
The reconstituted vaccine contains, in single dose of 0.5
ml. not less than
1000 CCID50 of Measles virus
5000 CCID50 of Mumps virus
1000 CCID50 of Rubella virus.
Diluent : Sterile water for injection.
The vaccine meets the requirements of USP and WHO
when tested by the methods outlined in USP and WHO,
TRS 840 (1994).
For active immunization in children of 12 months to 12
years of age against Measles, Mumps and Rubella
infections MMR Vaccine to be given
For immunisation of susceptible non pregnant,
adolescent and adult females, we have to use Rubella
Vaccine)
Measles vaccine has to be given at 9 months,
If Measles vaccine is given ,a 3 months gap is
advisable to give MMR vaccine
MMR vaccine may be given between 12-15 months of
age.
If Measles vaccine was missed , MMR dose replaces
it, when given at or after 12 months.
Complications of
smallpox include
bacterial super-
infections of the skin
and organs,
pneumonia, sepsis,
arthritis, keratitis, and
encephalitis.
Chicken Pox
Description
Varicella is an acute infectious disease. It is caused by
varicella-zoster virus (VZV),
a DNA virus is a member of the herpesvirus group.