Information

Information System
System
Basics
Basics
 Question
What is the
difference
between data
and 2
 September 1, 2008
DATA 5 sunglasses were sold

September 4, 2008
10 jackets were sold

September 7, 2008
2 sunglasses were sold

September 7, 2008
18 jackets were sold

September 12, 2008

15 jackets were sold 3
 Information
From September 1 to
12 this year, the
company was able to
sell 7 sunglasses and
33 jackets. 4
 Question
What is the
difference
between
information 5
 Knowledge

During the rainy

season, more people
buy jackets than
sunglasses.
6
 What is Data?
• Individual or separate pieces of
facts, concepts, and ideas derived
through different modes of inquiry

7
 What is Information?
• Processed data that is organized, has
use, provides meaning, and is
important in accomplishing a certain
task

8
 Qualities of Valuable
Information
• Accurate
– Information is error free
• Verifiable
– Information can be proven as correct or
incorrect
• Timely
– Information is up-to-date
• Organized
– Information is arranged to suit our needs and
requirements

9
 Qualities of Valuable
Information
• Accessible
– Information is available whenever it is
needed
• Useful
– Information is relevant and has meaning
• Cost-Effective
– Information should give more value than it
costs to produce

10
 What is Knowledge?
• A concrete expression of thought
derived from relating, understanding,
and analyzing several pieces of
valuable information

11
 What is a Database?
• A persistent, organized, structured,
and shared storage of collected
interrelated data that has purpose
• Serves the need to generate
meaningful information

12
 What is a Database?
• It records only data that has purpose
• It establishes relationships and
connections between its data to make
them more meaningful
• It is well organized and structured in
order to make stored data easily
shared and retrievable

13
Historical Perspective

14
Historical Perspective

15
Historical Perspective

16
Historical Perspective

17
Historical Perspective

18
Electronic Age

19
Electronic Age

20
Electronic Age

21
The Need for Databases
• Man has always had the desire to record
everything around him
– The more things we record, the more we need
space for storage
• These records are desired to be shared
and re-used
– The more we are involved in activities that
needs information, the more we need the
storage space to be accessible to and faster
retrieved by several people

22
 Data and Information
Recording Trivia
• 1790 : the US decided to record census data
(3.9 million people)
• 1880 : it took the US 7 years to tabulate the
recorded data
• 1890 : the population increased by 12 million
• 1890 : the US decided to use tabulating
machines using computer (punch cards),
tabulation took only 2-3 months

23
 Issues in Electronic File
Processing
• Separation and isolation of data
• Duplication of data
• Data dependence
• Incompatible file formats
• Fixed queries/Proliferation of application
programs

24
 What is an Information
System?
• An application that allows people to
maximize the tons of recorded data
– Records data that has purpose
– Stores data in an organized storage
– Retrieves data
– Processes data using previously saved (and
related) data to generate meaningful information
– Presents this meaningful information

25
 Example of an
Information System

Peopl
e 26
 Example of an
Information System

Information
Processing
Theory 27
 input

unselected
Sensory data
Forgott
Memory
en

attentio
n
transf
rehearsa

er outp
Short- Long-
ut
Term Term
l

Memory recall Memory 28

 Information System
Components

HARDWAR SOFTWAR DATA

E E

PEOPLE PROCEDU
29
RES