GENDER AND

DEVELOPMENT
Presented by: Eunice O. Basario
 What is Sex?
What is Gender?
Why Gender is a development issue?
Why do we need GAD?
How can we integrate GAD in school setting?
SEX

a natural
distinguishing
variable based on
biological
characteristics.
GENDER

differentiated social roles, behaviors, capacities

and intellectual, emotional and social
characteristics attributed by a given culture to a
women and men.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SEX AND GENDER

SEX GENDER
male or female masculinity or feminine
biologically determined socially determined
physical characteristics learned behavior
constant across time changes over time
constant/same across varies over societies
different societies and and culture
culture
 learned behaviors in a given society/community, or
other special group, that condition which activities, tasks
and responsibilities are perceived as male and female.
 Society tends to assign roles,
attitudes, behaviors, characteristics and
expectations to individuals based on
biological differences.
MEN & WOMEN
MEN & WOMEN

MEN = PRODUCTIVE ROLE

WOMEN = REPRODUCTIVE ROLE

 tendency to
assigned fixed,
unquestioned and
unexamined beliefs
and perceptions
about men and
women.
Common Gender Stereotypes

Traits and Characteristics

MALE FEMALE
active passive
aloof loving
aggressive peaceful
independent dependent
brave fearful
Common Gender Stereotypes

Capacities
MALE FEMALE

good in math and good in arts

science less in intellectual
physically strong pursuits
firm decision makers fickle minded in
decision making
Common Gender Stereotypes

Social Roles
MALE FEMALE

provider nurturers
leaders followers
 GENDER IN EQUALITY
this is where GENDER
INEQUALITY begin...
Understanding GENDER EQUALITY

entails that all human beings...are free

to develop their personal abilities and
make choices without limitations set by
stereotypes, rigid gender roles, gender
biases and prejudices.
Problems Arising from Gender Inequality

Unfair access to education

Mobility or right to travel
Poverty and health issues
Female infanticide
Domestic Abuse/Violence Against
Women
Fourth World Conference - Beijing China, 1995
 International

National

A strategy to ensure that

a gender perspective is Regional
reflected in all policies
and programs.
EIGHT MILLENIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS

International Development Goals of United Nations,

following its Millenium Summit in 2000
Goal: By 2015, achieve the following development goals.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT (GAD)

Approach focuses on the socially constructed basis of

differences between men and women and emphasizes
the need to challenge existing gender roles and
relations.
Theory of GAD

It was developed in the 1980's as an

alternative to the Women In Development
(WID) approach.
Unlike WID, GAD focuses on the premise that
both men and women are important in nation-
building.
GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT RELATED LAWS
AND ISSUANCES
Republic Act 9710 - The Magna Carta of Women
Republic Act 7877 - Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
Republic Act 9262 - Anti-Violence Against Women and Their
Children Act of 2004
Republic Act 7192 - Women in Development and Nation Building
Act
1987 Philippine Constitution (Article II Sec. 14) - National
Mandate
The State recognizes the role of women in nation building and
shall promote the FUNDAMENTAL EQUALITY before the law of
women and men.
 DEPED ORDER 63, s. 2012 Guidelines on the
preparation of Gender and Development Plans, Utilization
of GAD Budget, and Submission of Accomplished
Reports.
 5% of the Annual MOOE
PPAs detailed budgetary expenditure requirements
Capacity Development on GAD
Established enabling mechanisms which support GAD
efforts of Agencies. (GFPS)
PPAs addressing womens approved practical and
strategic needs
Professional fees and honoraria of external GAD experts
What cannot be charged to the GAD Budget?
1. PPA that are not included and not endorsed in GAD Plan
2. Personal Services or honoraria of GAD Focal Point
System
3. Physical, mental, and health fitness, recreation and
social activities, religious and cultural projects,
construction expense, Christmas and year-end
celebrations and meetings. Unless
DepEd Gender and Development Vision

We envision that human life

is the greatest gift available
to all and lived with equality
for women and men.
A. Instructional Language
The use of generic words/ stereotyped language
Aim: Use gender neutral language.

Example:

his, her, them,

First year
freshman
him
mankind theirs, it
humanity
fisherman student
fisherfolk
chairman chairperson
B. Classroom Management
Give all students equal attention in
advising and mentoring.
Dont overlook capable but quiet
students.
B. Classroom Management
Revise curricula if necessary to include
female experiences and to include them
in more than just stereotypical ways.
Give each student equal attention and
equally specific feedback.
 Monitor classroom dynamics to ensure that discussion
does not become dominated by verbally aggressive
students.
Vary the structure of the classroom to include more than
just competitive modes of learning.
 B. Instructional Materials
Teaching Materials
Textbooks
Teaching Aids
All forms of instructional materials
Key Concepts and Core Messages
on Gender Fair Education
 Fixing the house, cleaning the
house
Doing laundry
Going to market
Cooking, preparing the table,
washing the dishes
 Family council
Giving permission to children
Deciding for the affairs of the children
Key concepts and core messages

Equalize opportunities
Equalize representation in public affairs
(NGO, bureaucracy, electoral politics,
business)
Women empowerment
Let us remember

As teachers, we play a major

role in creating school
environments that are free of
gender bias and in encouraging
both male and female to reach their
highest potentials in work and
abilities.