Gas Turbines

Types
How They Work
Applications
Components of Plant
Flow Paths
Operation
 Gas Turbine Applications
Simple Cycle
Combined Cycle
Cogeneration

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 Types of Gas Turbine Plants
Simple Cycle
Operate When Demand is High Peak Demand
Operate for Short / Variable Times
Designed for Quick Start-Up
Not designed to be Efficient but Reliable
Not Cost Effective to Build for Efficiency
Combined Cycle
Operate for Peak and Economic Dispatch
Designed for Quick Start-Up
Designed to Efficient, Cost-Effective Operation
Typically Has Ability to Operate in SC Mode
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 Principles of
Operation
Open Cycle
Also referred to as simple cycle)

The energy contained in a flowing ideal gas is

the sum of enthalpy and kinetic energy.
Pressurized gas can store or release energy. As it
expands the pressure is converted to kinetic
energy.
Link to picture
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Combustion or Gas Turbine

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 Principles of Operation
Compressor
As air flows into the compressor, energy is transferred from its rotating
blades to the air. Pressure and temperature of the air increase.
Most compressors operate in the range of 75% to 85% efficiency.

Combustor
The purpose of the combustor is to increase the energy stored in the
compressor exhaust by raising its temperature.

Turbine
The turbine acts like the compressor in reverse with respect to energy
transformation.
Most turbines operate in the range of 80% to 90% efficiency.

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 Gas Turbine Applications
Simple Cycle

Link to picture
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Simple Cycle Power Plant
Westinghouse 501D5 340 MW

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 Gas Turbine Components
Compressor Combustor - Turbine

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 Gas Turbine Components & Systems
Combustion System
(contd)
Exhaust System
Silo, Cannular, Annular Simple Cycle Stack
Water, Steam, DLN Transition to HRSG

Turbine Generator
Open-Air cooled
Multiple Shaft, Single
TEWAC
Shaft
Hydrogen Cooled
Number of Stages
Starting Systems
Material and
Manufacturing Processes Diesel
Motor
Static
Paper Towel thru
compressor
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 Combustion Turbine Fuels
Conventional Fuels
Natural Gas
Liquid Fuel Oil
Nonconventional Fuels
Crude Oil
Refinery Gas
Propane
Synthetic Fuels
Chemical Process
Physical Process

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 Combustion Turbine Fuels
Conventional Fuels
Natural Gas
Liquid Fuel Oil
Nonconventional Fuels
Crude Oil
Refinery Gas
Propane
Synthetic Fuels
Chemical Process
Physical Process

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 Gas Turbine Major Sections
Air Inlet
Compressor
Combustion System
Turbine
Exhaust
Support Systems

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Gas Turbine Barrier Inlet Filter Systems

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Gas Turbine Pulse Inlet Filter System

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Inlet Guide Vanes

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Inlet Guide Vanes

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Gas Turbine Compressor Rotor
Assembly

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6B Gas Turbine

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Gas Turbine Cut Away Side View

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Gas Turbine Combustor Arrangement

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 Gas Turbine Generator Performance
Factors that Influence Performance
Fuel Type, Composition, and Heating Value
Load (Base, Peak, or Part)
Compressor Inlet Temperature
Atmospheric Pressure
Inlet Pressure Drop
Varies significantly with types of air cleaning/cooling
Exhaust Pressure Drop
Affected by addition of HRSG, SCR, CO catalysts
Steam or Water Injection Rate
Used for either power augmentation or NOx control
Relative Humidity
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Heat Recovery Steam Generator
(HRSG)

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