Student Centered Learning

Amir Syafruddin
 Evidences from educational research
Learning format
Average
Retention Rate
Lecture 5%
Reading 10%
Audiovisual 20%
Demonstration 30%
Discussion group 50%
Practice by doing 75%
Teach others 80%
National Training Laboratories, Bethel, Maine, USA
 How We Remember
10% Apa yang dibaca
20% Apa yang didengar
30% Apa yang dilihat
50% Apa yang dilihat dan didengar
70% Apa yang mereka jelaskan/katakan
90% Apa yang mereka jelaskan/katakan
dikerjakan
 Unconscious
Competence

The Unconscious
Conscious
Competence Learning Incompetence
Cycle

Conscious
Incompetence
Expertise research
Reasoning Skills

Beginner Advanced
(Novice) (Expert)
Novice Expert
 Teacher- Centred
Responsibility of teacer
Participation and

Student-Centred

Didactic Self-study
Lecture
Participation and responsibility of student
 Student-Centred Learning
Practice-based Adaptive
Learning Patient-based
Learning
Contextual Learning
Learning
Collaborative
Learning
Project-based
Student-
Learning Experiential
Centred
Learning
Independent
Learning

Problem-based Work-based
Learning Learning
Learning Case-study
Community- Contract
based Task-based Self-Directed
Learning Learning
 Assumptions of Learners based on
Pedagogical Model
The need to know (exam)
The learners self-concept (dependent personality)
The role of experience (little)
Readiness to learn (depends on teacher)
Orientation to learning (subject-centred, subject
content)
Motivation (external)
 Andragogical Model
The need to know (aware)
The learners self concept (responsible for their own
decisions)
The role of learners experience (richest source)
Readiness to learn (induced)
Orientation to learning (life-centred, task-centred, problem-
centred)
Self-directed
Teaching is facilitation of learning
Teaching means the arranging of conditions external to the
learner so that learning takes place
Great Inventors are not the product of conventional
education system

James Watt
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Alfa Edison
Albert Einstein
Marie Currie
Walt Dysney
Nobel
Bill Gates
.
 Application to Student Learning

Students need:
to learn how to learn
to develop a deep approach to learning
to develop thinking skills
to develop metacognitive skills
to become more self-directing in their learning
 The SPICES Model
S tudent-centered Teacher-centered

P roblem-based Information gathering

I ntegrated Discipline-based

C ommunity-based Hospital-based

E lectives Standard program

S ystematic Apprenticeship-based
or opportunistic
Harden, Sowden & Dunn, Medical Education, 1984, 18, p.285
 Students engage in a wide variety of
learning experiences of which PBL
tutorials are of central importance.
lecture/plenary

library topic
skills tutorials

PBL
community practicals
tutorial
work

personal study
demonstrations
computer assisted
learning
 Definition of Competence

Knowledge Technical
Communication skill
Emotions

Reflection
Values Critical
thingking

DAILY PRACTICE
 Tipe-tipe Pembelajar
1. Belajar secara Visual (60 %)
Melihat gambar
Mencatat
Menggunakan kode warna
Melihat TV dan Film
Menggunakan grafik dan charts
Didemonstrasikan
 Kebiasaan belajar orang visual
Memiliki banyak catatan-catatan dan sering
disertai gambar dan diagram
Di dalam kelas biasanya duduk ditengah
Biasa belajar disertai mendengarkan musik
Bila mengingat kata kunci dan nomer biasanya
melihat dari kepalanya, membacanya dan
memasukkan dalam memori
Bila mendapatkan umpan balik, sangat
mengharapkan bila disertai gambar atau
diagram
2.Tipe belajar mendengar/Auditory
Menyebutkan silabus/ membaca dengan keras
Menggunakan kata singkatan atau jembatan
keledai
Mendengarkan melalui Tape recorder
Mendengarkan musik
Mendengarkan pembicara/dosen
Membuat puisi
Suka dengan berdiskusi
 Kebiasaan belajar orang Auditory
Membaca catatan dengan bersuara
Duduk didepan kelas agar dapat mendengar
dengan jelas
Bila mengingat kata kunci dan nomer,
biasanya mengingat di kepala dengan
menyebutkan dengan keras atau mengenal
bunyi
Kadang musik dapat menggangu konsentrasi
untuk belajar bila suara musik terlalu dekat
dan keras
 3. Tipe pembelajar Kinestetik
Kadang mencatat dengan jari
Mencatat list
Bergerak saat mengerjakan sesuatu
Bernafas dengan pelan
Belajar dengan role play
Berlatih
Mencacat dengan notes
 Kebiasaan belajar Kinestetik
Banyak sekali catatan catatan saat kegiatan tapi
tidak akan pernah melihat kembali
Biasanya duduk dibelakang karena ingin bergerak
atau berpindah
Dalam mengingat kata kunci atau nomor, kadang
dengan mencatat kembali dan biasanya setelah
bergerak terlebih dahulu
Musik membantu efek emosi dan kemampuan
energi
Sering ingin mendapatkan data dan berdiskusi
dengan melibatkan emosi
 Kecerdasan
Logika/matematika
Spatial/visual
Interpersonal
Intrapersonal
Lingusitik/verbal
Musikal
Kinestetik
 Tugas Mahasiswa
Identifikasikan diri anda.
Tipe pembelajar
Cara cara belajar yang selama ini anda sukai
Apa yang ingin dosen anda lakukan saat mengajar
Kecerdasan apa yang anda punyai
Baca buku Mind Map dari Tony Buzan
Assessment
 Tell me and I will forget
Show me and I will remember
Involve me and I will understand
Step back and I will act

Chinese proverb