COMBINED FORCES
CE 470: Steel Design
By Amit H. Varma
Design of Members for Combined
Forces
Chapter H of the AISC Specification
This chapter addresses members subject to
axial force and flexure about one or both
axes.
H1 - Doubly and singly symmetric members
H1.1 Subject to flexure and compression
The interaction of flexure and compression in
doubly symmetric members and singly
symmetric members for which 0.1 Iyc / Iy 0.9,
that are constrained to bend about a geometric
axis (x and/or y) shall be limited by the
Equations shown below.
Iyc is the moment of inertia about the y-axis
referred to the compression flange.
Design of Members for Combined
Forces
Pr
For 0.2
Pc
Pr 8 M rx M ry
1.0
Pc 9 M cx M cy
Pr
For 0.2
Pc
Pr M rx M ry
1.0
2Pc M cx M cy
cPY
bMp
P-M interaction curve according to Section
H1.1
cP Y
P-M interaction
Column axial load capacity P
c n for zero length
accounting for x and y axis
buckling
P-M interaction
for full length
cPn
bMn bMp
cPnx
b Mn bMp
Out-of-plane Beam moment capacity
accounting for lateral-torsional buckling
In-plane Beam moment capacity
accounting for flange local buckling
Design of Members Subject to
Combined Loading
Steel Beam-Column Selection Tables
Table 6-1 W shapes in Combined Axial and Bending
1
p kips1
c Pn
8
bx kip ft 1
9 b M nx
8
by kip ft 1
9 b M ny
If pPr 0.2, then pPr bx M rx by M ry 1.0
pPr 9
If pPr 0.2, then
2
bx M rx by M ry 1.0
8
V1
-V1
Free Body M(x)
diagram In undeformed state
x
M(x) = M1+V1 x
M1 Moment diagram M2
V1
-V1
Free Body P M1
M(x) In deformed state
diagram V1 v(x) is the vertical deformation
x
M(x) = M1+V1 x + P v(x)
M1 Moment diagram M2
Cm
B1 1.0
Pr
1
Pe1
Where, Pe1 = 2EI/(K1L2) and I is the moment of
inertia for the axis of bending, and K 1=1.0 for
braced case.
Cm = 0.6 - 0.4 (M1/M2)
Further Moment Amplification
This second-order effect accounts for the
deflection of the beam in between the two
supported ends (that do not translate).
That is, the second-order effects due to the
deflection from the chord of the beam.
When the frame is free to sway, then there
are additional second-order effects due to the
deflection of the chord.
The second-order effects associated with the
sway of the member () chord.
P
Mo P Mmax
Mo
+ =
Mo
Mo
P
As you can see, there is a moment amplification due
to the sway of the beam chord by .
This is also referred as the story P- effect that
produces second-order moments in sway frames due
to interstory drift.
All the beam-columns in the story will have P- effect
The design moments for a sway frame (or
unrestrained frame) can be obtained from a
first order analysis.
But, the first order moments will have to
amplified to account for second-order P- effects.
According to the AISC specification, this
amplification can be achieved
1 with the factor B2
B2
Pr
1
Pe2