Item Analysis and

Validation
Jessica P. Ballaran
Whyte Logronio
Carlo
Validation
 After performing the item analysis and revising the items which need
revision, the next step is to validate the instruments.
 Purpose of validation
Is to determine the characteristics of the while test itself, namely, the validity
and reliability of the test.

VALIDATION- is the process of collecting and analyzing evidence to

support the meaningfulness and usefulness of the test.
 Validity
Is the extent to which a test measures what it purports to measure or as
referring to the appropriateness, correctness, meaningfulness and usefulness
of the specific decisions a teacher makes based on the test results
 3 main types of Evidence
1. Content-related evidence of validity-refers to the content and format of
the instrument.
2. Criterion-related evidence of validity-refers to the relationship between scores
obtained using the instrument and scores
obtained using one or more other tests.
3. Construct-related evidence of validity- refers to the nature of the psychological
construct or characteristic being
measured by the test.
 Expectency Table
Grade Point Average

Test Scores Very Good Good Needs Improvement

High 20 10 5

Average 10 25 5

Low 1 10 14
Reliability
 Reliability
Refers to the consistency of the scores obtained.

How consistent they are for each individual from one administration of an
instrument to another and from one set of items to another.
Reliability Interpretation
.90 and above Excellent reliability; at the level of the best standardized tests

.80-90 Very good for a classroom tests

.70-80 Good for a classroom test; in the range of most. There are probably a few items
which could be improved.

.60-70 Somewhat low. This test needs to be supplemented by other measures(e.g., more
tests) to determine grades. There are probably some items which could be improved.

.50-60 Suggests need for revision of test, unless it is quite short (ten or fewer items). The
test definitely needs to be supplemented by other measures (e.g., more tests0 for
grading.

.50 or below Questionable reliability. This test should not contribute heavily to the course grade,
and it needs revision
Thank you!