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FEMUR

DR. SARAH ABDUL REHMAN


OBJECTIVES

At the end of the session, the students should be able to:

Know different parts of the femur


Determine the side of the bone
Identify the surfaces and borders of the bone
General features

Femur is the longest and largest bone in the body.


Forward convexity of the shaft and posterior concavity
Has the linea aspera in its middle third posteriorly
An angle of torsion of 30 with the shaft
Femoral condyles rest horizontally on the plateau of the tibia .
In the erect posture it is not vertical but inclined downward and
medially
The inclination of the shaft depends on the length of the femur and
the width of the pelvis.
body and two extremities.
Upper end has
Head

Neck

Lesser trochanters

Greater trochanters.

Body is known as the shaft


Lower end has lateral and medial
condyles.
It forms part of the hip joint and knee joint.

There are four eminences:


Head
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Lower extremity.
Upper end of the femur

The upper extremity has a


head, a neck, a greater
and a lesser trochanter
Head of the femur

Capped with hyaline cartilage


More than half a sphere.
Directed upward, medially, and a little forward
Medial convexity has the fovea capitis femoris.
Anteriorly the articular cartilage extends to the neck.
The synovial membrane of the hip joint, lines the capsule and covers
the retinacular fibres on the neck which are attached to the
articular margin of the head.
Neck of the femur
An upward extension of the shaft.
The angle of the neck is strengthened internally by the calcar femorale
Bounded above by the greater trochanter and below by the lesser trochanter
It has
anterior and posterior surface
superior and inferior borders.
The anterior surface of the neck with its adherent retinacular fibres is wholly intracapsular
perforated by numerous vascular foramina

Posterior surface is smooth


The back of the neck joins the greater trochanter at a prominent rounded ridge, the
intertrochanteric crest
Capsule is attached only halfway to the crest
Superior border is short and thick
Ends laterally at the greater trochanter
its surface is perforated by large foramina
Inferior border, long and narrow curves a little backward, to end at the lesser trochanter.

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