asthma
Consist of a triad of:
Dyspnea
Cough
Wheezing
Symptoms:
Wheezing, cough, tightness in chest
Setting:
Environmental and emotional conditions
Lung cancer
Cough is dry to productive
Sputum may be blood streaked or bloody
Setting is usually a long history of cigarette
smoking
Major presenting complaints:
Cough: 75%
Weight loss: 40%
Chest pain: (40%)
Dyspnea: 20%
Signs and symptoms are caused by:
Local growth of tumor
Invasion and obstruction of adjacent structures
Growth in regional nodes
Regional spread
Tracheal obstruction
Esophageal compression with dysphagia
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or hoarseness
Phrenic nerve paralysis with elevation of
hemidiaphragm and dyspnea
Sympathetic nerve paralysis with Horners syndrome
Malignant pleural effusion often leads to
dyspnea
Pancoasts syndrome
Results from local extension of a tumor growing
in the apex of the lung with involvement of the
8th cervical and 1st and 2nd thoracic nerves
Shoulder pain that radiates in the ulnar
distribution of the arm
Radiologic destruction of the 1st and 2nd rib
Paraneoplastic syndrome
Common in patients with lung cancer and may be
the presenting finding or first sign of recurrence
Skeletal
Include clubbing in 30% of cases
Hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy 1-10%
cases
Relieving factors:
Expectoration, rest, though dyspnea may become persistent
Symptoms:
Chronic productive cough
Setting:
History of smoking, air pollutants, recurrent respiratory
infections
Chronic bronchitis Emphysema