Nominal and Verbal Sentences

AFFIRMATIVE SENTENCES
(KALIMAT BERITA)

NOMINAL SENTENCE VERBAL SENTENCE

I am curious I learn my lesson

You are nice You treat me nicely
She is polite She plays the piano
He is our teacher He taught us English
We are students We worked here
 INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
(KALIMAT BERTANYA)

NOMINAL SENTENCE VERBAL SENTENCE

Am I curious ? Do I learn my lesson ?
Are you nice ? Do You treat me nicely ?
Is She polite ? Doe She play the piano?
Is He our teacher ? Did He teach us English ?
Are We students ? Did We work here ?
 NEGATIVE SENTENCES
(KALIMAT MENYANGKAL)

NOMINAL SENTENCE VERBAL SENTENCE

I am not curious I do not learn my lesson
You are not nice You do not treat me nicely
She is not polite She does not play the piano
He is not our teacher He did not teach us English
We are not students We did not work here
 IMPERATIVE SENTENCES
(KALIMAT PERINTAH)

NOMINAL SENTENCE VERBAL SENTENCE

Be nice! Close the door!
Be polite! Stand up!
Dont be angry! Dont play with my heart!
Dont be lazy! Dont forget me!
Exercise I
Susunlah kata-kata berikut sehingga didapatkan urutan kata-kata
yang benar dan kalimat yang bermakna.
Arrange the following words, so we will get the right sequence
words and meaningful sentences.
1. hydrogen / oxygen / and / water / each other / to
form / combine
2. three atoms / ozone / in / its molecule / contains
3. result / excellent / what an / this is/!
4. litmus paper / changes / in / solution / acid / the
color of
5. Rutherford / in 1817 / atomic theory / introduced
 Combined Sentence
Combined sentence is formed from the
combination of two or more simple sentences
The word used to combine simple sentences is
called conjunctions. Besides and the other
words used as conjunction are: and then, but,
for, or, so, either ... or; Neither ... nor; not
only ..,. but also.
Example :
Nitric acid is a strong acid.
It can oxidise carbon compound.
Nitric acid is a strong acid and can oxidise carbon
compound.

If the combined sentences have the same subject, the

subject is usually not written down repeatedly
Example :
Acids react with metals.
Acids have the ability to change the colour of indicators.
Acids react with metals and have the ability to
change the colour of indicators
Conversely, if the subject is different, the two subjects
have to be written down in its own clause

Example :
at the beginning of reaction, the concentration of product
shows the greatest rate of increase.
at the beginning of reaction, the concentrations of reactants
show the highest rate of decrease.
At the beginning of reaction, the concentration of
product shows the greatest rate of increase and the
concentrations of reactants show the highest rate of
decrease
Exercise 2
Circle one correct word in the brackets to construct a
correct combined sentence

1. The customers at the funfair were leaving (and/but)

the lights were going out.
2. The stalls closed down (so/and) the stall-owners went
home.
3. At 2 a.m. four night-watchmen walked round the
funfair, (but/so) there was no one to be seen.
4. We can (or/either) play cards (either/or) sit and talk.
5. They were bored (so/for) there was nothing to do on
this quite warm night.
6. They were not rescued till morning (and/but) by then
they left very sick indeed.
Exercise 3: Read the text . Underline the nominal
sentences and circle the verbal ones!

When the first symptoms of illness appear, the doctor uses a thermometer to check
whether the patient has a fever.
The average or normal temperature of a healthy body is 37 Celsius. Some
diseases make this temperature rise and this high temperature is called a fever.
Fever is in fact a natural response, which helps the body to fight off infection. It
makes the vital processes and organs of the body work faster. More hormones are
produced as well as enzymes and blood cells, especially the white cells, which attack
foreign bacteria and viruses in the bloodstream. The hormones and chemicals have to
work much harder when the body is weak. The rate of blood circulation and
respiration increase so that the body eliminates toxins and waste more quickly.
Perspiration is also increased. It is important, however, to bring down a temperature
whilst treating the cause, as it can destroy vital protein in the body.
Adopted from: Anonymous, Tell Me Why?, London, Chancellor Press, 2010.
 Complex Sentences
Complex sentences can be formed from the
combination of two or more simple sentences.
In a complex sentence there is only one main
idea and one or more additional ideas.
Sentences that contain the main ideas can be
separated from the complex sentence and can
stand alone with the meaning intact
Example:
The alarm was raised as soon as the fire was discovered.
The alarm was raised when the fire was discovered.
The alarm was raised after the fire was discovered.
Dalam kalimat-kalimat di atas, as soon as, when dan after
disebut dengan kata sambung. Kata sambung lain yang sering
digunakan dalam pembentukan kalimat kompleks adalah since,
that, if, so that, whether.
Dalam kalimat-kalimat di atas, The alarm was raised adalah
anak kalimat utama dan dapat berdiri sendiri, sedangkan yang
lainnya tidak dapat berdiri sendiri dan hanya memberikan ide
tambahan pada anak kalimat utama.
 Pernyataan Alasan dalam Kalimat Kompleks
Dalam suatu kalimat kompleks, sering dijumpai adanya anak kalimat yang
berisi suatu alasan. Anak kalimat ini merupakan anak kalimat yang
menjawab pertanyaan Why? Anak kalimat ini diawali atau bergabung
dengan induk kalimatnya dengan memakai kata sambung because, as, since.
In a complex sentence, it is often found the existence of the clause that
contains a reason. This clause is a subordinate clause that answers the
question Why? This clause begins by or merged with the parent sentence
using conjunctions because, as, since.

Example :
Because neon is a noble gas, it is relatively inert toward chemical reaction.
Amonia (NH3) is an amphoteric subtance because it can donate proton in
the presence of strong bases and accept proton in the presence of strong
acids.

The word in the sentence above can be replaced by the word as or since.
 As neon is a noble gas, it is relatively inert
toward chemical reaction. Since neon is a
noble gas, it is relatively inert toward chemical
reaction.
Amonia (NH3) is an amphoteric subtance
since it can donate proton in the presence of
strong bases and accept proton in the
presence of strong acids.
 Pernyataan Kontradiksi dalam Kalimat
Kompleks
Adanya kontradiksi dalam kalimat kompleks
dapat ditandai dengan adanya kata sambung
seperti although, considering (that), though,
eventhough, even if, much as, while dan
whereas.
 Though I have had more than 100
experimental data, I am still confused to draw
any conclusion.
I am going to buy a computer even though I
have not got much money.
I intend to do experiment till night to day even
if I have mathematics examination tomorrow
 Combine the sentences below by using the available words in
the brackets.
1. I would like to help you. I am afraid I will not be able to.
(much as)
2. Your design is excellent. It is not suitable foe our purposes.
(while)
3. I try hard to play the piano. I do not seem to improve.
(although)
4. Chemistry is so difficult. It is surprising how many students
learn it. (considering that)
5. The play was wonderful. The film was a commercial failure.
(whereas)
 Pernyataan Hasil dalam Kalimat Kompleks
Pernyataan hasil dapat terungkap dari kata
sambung so + kata sifat (that) atau such + kata
benda (that)
 The acid base reaction is so fast that it is
difficult to determine the reaction rate.
There were such a delay that I missed my
English lesson
 Pernyataan Perbandingan dalam Kalimat
Kompleks
Adanya perbandingan dalam kalimat kompleks
ditandai oleh adanya kata sambung as .... as,
not so ..... as, not ..... as much as, kata
perbandingan + than
1. The General Biology course is not as difficult
as Biochemistry course.
2. Woods are not so strong as metals.
3. This computer does not hold information as
much as that one.
4. Light travels faster than sound
 Susunan Present Participle dalam
Kalimat Kompleks
Present Participle adalah kata kerja bentuk
ing, seperti finding, recording, dan trying.
Present Participle dapat digunakan untuk
menggantikan kata sambung so, and, dan
lainnya dalam menggabungkan dua kalimat
sederhana
 I found my beaker glass was broken. I looked for new beaker
glass
Dapat digabung menjadi :I found my beaker glass (was)
broken and looked for the new one, atau
Finding my beaker glass was broken, I looked for the new one.
Contoh lain :
Because I did not know ...
Not knowing the chemical formula, I was not able to count its
molecular weight (not knowing = I did not know)
Being lack of phenolphthalein, I used litmus paper (being = I
was)
 Present Participle sering pula digunakan setelah kata
sambung, seperti:
Present Particile is often used after conjunctions,
such as:
Since I learnt Advanced Calculus, I have made
significant progress on mastering Chemical
Thermodynamics
Dapat dinyatakan sebagai :
Can be expressed as:
Since learning Advanced Calculus, I have made
significant progress on mastering Chemical
Thermodynamics
 Present Participle sebagai pengganti kata ganti
orang atau barang :
Present Participle can also function as a pronoun
Student who is reading at the classroom corner is
very clever
Bottle which is lying on that table contains
concentrated hydrochloric acid
Masing-masing dapat dinyatakan sebagai :
Each can be expressed as:
Student reading at the classroom corner is very
clever
Bottle lying on that table contains concentrated
hydrochloric acid
 Susunan Past Participle dalam Kalimat Kompleks
Past Participle adalah kata kerja bentuk III, seperti built,
played, reacted, dan sebagainya. Present Participle dapat
digunakan sebagai ganti bentuk pasif.
Past Participle is a verb form III, as built, played, reacted, and
so forth. Past Participle can be used as a substitution of the
passive form.
If stirred continuously, it will mix faster (If it is stirred ...)
Although reacted hours ago, the product was not formed (It
was reacted...)
Pastt Participle dapat menggantikan kata ganti who dan which
Present Participle can replace the pronoun Who and Which.
The system used here is very successful (which is used...)
 Some more exercises!
Get 2 texts of your own discipline!
Copy all the nominal sentences and all the
verbal ssentences
Translate all the sentences
Get atleast three complex sentences, if
possible simplify them using present or past
participle
Prepare them in PPT for next week
presentation!