A leader is a dealer in hope -

Napoleon Bonaparte

Leadership: concepts
and styles
Facilitated by
M. Kamrul Hasan, Phd
Joint Director (Rural Education and SD),
BARD, Kotbari, Comilla, Bangladesh
Greek concept on leadership
The Greek believed that leaders possessed justice and
judgment, wisdom and counsel, shrewdness and cunning, and
valor and activism.

Do you agree/partial agree/ not agree

Leadership
Leading is the set of processes used to get
people to work together to advance the
interest of the organization (Ricky W. Griffin).
Leadership may be defined as the process of
influencing the activities of an organized
group in its efforts towards goal setting and
goal achievement (Stogdil).
Leaders of Bangladesh
Tajuddin Ahmad
Sectors commanders of
Bangladesh Liberation War
Who is a leader
The people who engage in leadership
Followers
Ideology of a leader or new
thinking of a leader
Different leaders (broad
aspects)
Political
Social
Cultural
Economic
Reformer
Revolutionary
Inventor
Discovers
Happy, prosperous and Smiling Bangladesh and global
Trait versus Process Leadership
Assigned versus Emergent
Leadership
Formal position is assigned leadership
Becoming Most influential member of a group
or organization is emergent leadership
Management Process

Organisational Goals
Human Planning
Machine
Material
Organising
Methods Directing
Money Coordinating
Market Motivating
Info Controlling
Technology
Knowledge
Leadership and power
Referent power
Expert power
Legitimate power
Reward power
Coercive power

Dynamism of Position power and Personal

power
Leadership and Management
Leadership Process
Management and Leadership
Managers are people who do things right and
leaders are people who do the right things (Bennis
and Nanus)

Leadership is multidimensional influence

relationship and management is a unidirectional
authority relationship
Leaders are emotionally active and involved they
seek to shape ideas expand the available options to
solve long standing problems
Defining Leadership
Leadership has different meaning to various
authors

Leadership is defined as influence, that is the

art or process of influencing people so that
they will strive willingly and enthusiastically
toward the achievement of group goals.
Ingredients of Leadership
1. The ability to use power effectively and in a
responsible manner
2. The ability to motivate
3. The ability to inspire
4. The ability to act in a manner that will
develop a climate conducive to responding
to and arousing motivations
5. Mentoring and counseling capabilities
Leadership styles and leadership
Style is the particular way something is
done. Leadership style refers to a leader's
behavior or particular way in which
something is done.
Leadership Behaviour and Styles

Likerts four system of management

Autocratic, Democratic or Participative and
Free Rein leader
Autocratic and Democratic Leader
Autocratic Leadership
Autocratic leadership, also known as
authoritarian leadership, is
a leadership style characterized by individual
control over all decisions and little input from
group members. Autocratic leaders typically
make choices based on their ideas and
judgments and rarely accept advice from
followers.
Democratic Leadership
Democratic leadership, also known as
participative leadership, is a type
of leadershipstyle in which members of the
group take a more participative role in the
decision-making process.
 Free Rein Leader

Leadership style where subordinates are

not directly supervised and instead must
function on own and prove their worth
through accomplishments. No specific
supervisory criteria must be met.
Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/free-rein-
leadership.html
Leadership as a Continuum
Leader transform the abstract into concrete
Lead but dont forget to manage
Think on forests not trees
Avoid a short sighted vision
Turn your strategy into action
Be a business expert
Deliver or die
Collaborate and make everyone happy
Know the resistance
Maintain momentum
Three types of leaders and
authority
Three types of leader corresponding different
forms of authority and legitimacy
Such as Charismatic, Traditional and Legal
Rational
Leadership styles
A leadership style is a leader's style of
providing direction, implementing plans,
and motivating people.
There are many different leadership
styles that can be exhibited by leaders in the
political, business or other fields.
Authentic Leadership: Ethics and
Trust
How to be a authentic leader?
How to be a effective leader?

Value of trust, integrity of a authentic leader

Characteristics of a leader
Best and Reliable person of the group
Dealer of hope
Administrator
Planner
Implementer
Skilled
Group representative
Internally disciplined
Give reward and punishment
Ideal
Group identity
Guide
Take the responsibility on mistake
Functions of a leader
Organizational function
Team building and group process
Types of leader/influential
Charismatic leader
Authoritarian leader
Democratic leader
Participatory leader
Bureaucratic and administrative leaders
Specialist
Reformist
Paternalistic
Laissez-faire
Transactional
Transformational
Elites
Change agent or change maker
Celebrities
Leader and leadership
A leader articulated and embodies a vision
and goals, and enables others to share and
achieve them.
Leadership is a state of mind..leadership is
about vision, spirit, and character; getting
diverse individuals to work together as a
team.
Traits of Leader

Desire to lead Integrity

Drive

Perception Aptitude

Intelligence Job relevant knowledge

Self confidence
Interacting 3Ps : purpose, person,
and people

Purpose

Committed to
To achieve

Person People

Influences
 Different leaders

Martin Luther King Jr

Alexander
Lenin
 Bongobondhu Mandela
Sheikh
Mujibur
Rahman

Gandhi Lee Kuan Yew

A. H. Khan
 Power grows out of the barrel of gun

Power is responsible and it can provide

immense service to the people
Four competencies the leader
must show:
Management of attention through vision
Management of attention through
communication
Management of trust through reliability
constancy, accountability, and predictability)
Management of self through knowing ones
skills and deploying them effectively.
Believe and work
X and Y types of management
X type management: X non democratic or
task centered.
Y type management: Y- democratic, and
people centered
Leadership and managerial
skill
A reciprocal relationship between
leadership and management,
implying that an effective manager
should have leadership skills, and
an effective leader should
demonstrate management skills.
New form of leadership
Network and collaboration
Recognition of the individual/people as ends
in themselves
Experiment & learn
Interdependence
On going process

Leadership Tactics from Fear, manipulation,

charisma to Example, empowerment,
persuasion, humor, wisdom
New form of leadership
Motivation and Human Relations in
Administration (3 Dimensions of
Organization )

Pr
oc
ed
re
c tu

ur
al
ru
St

Organisation

Behavioural
 Leadership is a process not a position
Leadership is both science and an art, leadership
is immature science
Leadership is both rational and emotional
We can found charismatic leadership and rarely
hear on charismatic managers
Leadership is everyone's business
Leadership is developed through education and
experience
Leadership involves an interaction between the
leader, the followers, and the situation
 Management has more of a connation of
being rational, a process more involved with
the head than the heart. Management is
associated in many peoples minds with
words like efficiency, planning, paperwork,
procedures, regulations, control, and
consistency
 Leadership is associated more with the words
like risk taking, dynamic, creativity, change,
and vision.
Criteria for effective leader
Earning respect
Creative visioning
Instilling belief
Confidence
Courage
Transform abstract into concrete
Taking accountability
Displaying passion for excellence
Analytical thinking
Persistence (sincerity and disciplined)
Resilience
Turn your strategy into action
Facilitative leadership
Discovery communities, providers,
advocates, and educators in facilitative
leadership,

Grassroots leadership