Apr
Max. en abril y mn. en diciembre
Promedio de 1915-2009
Dec
3
1956 1962 1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004 2010
0.4 1.5
Power spectrumTam Titi
0.3
ctrum
0.1
4 that is significative at 0.95
Density P
Density
0.5
65W 3 4
Normalized Value
Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet Dry Wet
Value
2 3
c)
lue
12S
0 1
0.5 1 2
Normalized Va
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45
Normalized
1
Frequency(yr
Frequency yr -1) 0.9
1
0
Next apply a Buttherworth 13S
0.8
0
low pass filter to Tam-Titi in 1
0.7
order
14S to extract the low 1
2 b) 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
frequency variability Rurre 0.6 1960
2
(periods > 8 years). 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
15S 0.5
PC1 Titicaca Tambo (Tam Titi) Low frequency Tam Titi
PC1 Titicaca Tambo (Tam Titi) Low frequency Tam Titi
Spectrum
0.4 1.5
16S Huatiapa Power spectrumTam Titi
Titicaca
Decadal and interdecadal oscillation is the most important 0.3
ctrum
La relacin entre las lluvias en los Andes y la SST del Pacfico y los
vientos a 200 hPa se conoca a escala interanual, pero no a escalas
decadales.
La baja frecuencia es el modo domunante
Atmospheric and oceanic correlations
R2 LTam-Titi vs SST Low frequency R2 LTam-Titi vs U200 Low frequency
a) a)a) b) b)b)
RR2 2
R2 1.2
Spectrum
Spectrum
1.2 1.2
Spectrum
Spectrum
1.2
Powerer
Pow spectrum
spectrum SST
SST(180W 150W
(180W ;2.5S
150W ;2.5S15N)
15N) Powererspectrum
Pow spectrum U200
U200(75W 66W
(75W ;20S
66W ;20S15S)
15S)
ower Spectrum
er Spectrum
1.2
Spectrum
1.2 1 Red
Rednoise
noise(0.9 sig)
(0.9 sig) ower SpSpectrum 11 Red
Rednoise
noise(0.90 sig)
(0.90 sig)
1
Power spectrumSST (180W 150W;2.5S 15N)
Positive Power spectrumU200 (75W 66W;20S 15S)
Power Spectrum
Negative
m
ectrum
Power Spectru
1 Red
0.8noise (0.9 sig)
0.8 correlation 1 0.8Red noise (0.90 sig)
0.8
correlation
Density Power
Power
Density Power
Power
trum
0.6
0.6
33 Density Pow
0.6
0.6
Power Spec
0.8 0.8
Central west Pacific SST and zonal wind at 200 hpa2.52.5
Density P
Density Power
Power
Density
Density
Density
Density
0.4
0.4 0.4
0.4
3 22
0.6 0.6
are are the sources of the d)hydroclimatic
0.2
0.2
c)2.5 low
1.51.5 0.2
0.2
Density P
rdized Values
c)
rdized Values
Density
Density
0.4 d)
00
11 0.4 00
2
0.2
frequency variability in the Central
0 0 0.05
0.050.1
Frequency
Andes
0.10.15
Frequency(yr
1.5
0.5
0.15 0.2
0.20.25
0.250.3
0.5 Frequency
(yr) ) Frequency
Frequency
0.30.35
1
yryr 1-1 -1
(yr
Frequency (yr ) )
0.350.4
0.40.45
0.450.5
0.5
0.2
00 0.05
0.050.1
0.10.15
0.150.2
0.20.25
0.250.3
Frequency
0.30.35
yr 1 1
-1
Frequency yr-1
0.350.4
0.40.45
0.450.5
0.5
33 0 0
c)
s
0.8 0.8
Power Spe
ower S
Density Power
Power
0.6 3
Indices ocanicos Atmosfricos
0.6 e hidrolgicos
2.5
Density P
Density
Density
0.4 0.4
2
The hydroclimatic low frequency variability in en los Andes
0.2
Centrales 1.5
is linked with decadal and
0.2
interdecadal variability in
c)
Standardized Values
1 d)
0 the central west of the Pacific Ocean and the 0 zonal wind at
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2
0.5 the 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5
200 hpa over Andes 1
Frequency yr -1 1
Frequency (yr ) Frequency yr
-1
Frequency (yr )
3 0
2.5 0.5
2 1
Value
1.5
1.5
lues
1
2
Standardized Va
0.5
Normalized
0 2.5
0.5 3
1 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1.5
2 e)
2.5 Lowfrequency Tam Titi LowFrequency U200 Andes Lowfrequency SST C.Pacific
3
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
Cambios de baja frecuencia en la circulacin de los vientos
a 200 hPa
ower S
Density Power
Power
0.6 3
Qu implicaciones para los
0.6recursos hdricos?
2.5
Density P
Density
Density
Los ltimso fenmenos El Nio han tenido impactos
0.4 0.4 diversos en los Andes centrales y el
Altiplano:
2
0.2 1.5 0.2
Los
c) impactos1de El Nio Extremo y Moderado pueden d) ser muy diferentes en funcin a
Standardized Values
1.5
1.5
lues
1
2
Standardized Va
0.5
Normalized
0 2.5
0.5 3
1 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
1.5
2 e)
2.5 Lowfrequency Tam Titi LowFrequency U200 Andes Lowfrequency SST C.Pacific
3
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
http://peru21.pe/opinion/abraham-levy-ojo-lluvias-sierra-sur-2257961