PHYSICAL EDUCATION
PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES IN THE PRIMITIVE SOCIETY
Phoenicians,
Philistines,
Hebrews,
the Canaanites of Syria,
and the people of Egypt
and Mesopotamia- Gave birth to
civilization that marked a turning point in
the history of physical education and sport.
PERSIA
primary aim of physical
education=developing in their young men
military skills, high moral standards and
patriotism to strengthen and extend the
empire.
The Persian boy (7-15) learns how to shoot
the bows, sling stones, throw the javelin,
bear extreme temperature, endure long
marches, live on little food, swim across
rivers while keeping their equipment dry
Egyptians had popular physical activities
EGYPT although formal physical education was
not included in the curriculum.
Egyptians hunt, trap and fish with the use
of bow and arrows, spears, and harpoons.
Popular activities were
swimming(civilizations life was based on
rivers,)
wrestling which was participated in by
the nobility, the soldiers, the merchants,
and the unskilled laborers,
gymnastic activities and games using the
skills of fighting and war.
Emphasis is on intellectual excellence
CHINA ( evidences that Ancient Chinese
participated in physical activities)
National leaders were expected to be
proficient in shooting the bow and
horseback riding.
Military men were given examinations
on lifting the weights, shooting the
bow, and handling the sword.
They boxed, played football, practiced
jiu-jitsu.
Sons of rich families engaged in music,
dancing, and archery.
Recreational games and sports - early
versions of soccer, polo, chess,
competitions in archery and wrestling
Dancing was popular that a mans prestige
often depended on his skill as a dancer.
When ancient Chinese felt weak, Cong Fu,
a mild exercises, similar to gymnastics-
developed in 2698 B.C ( to prevent
diseases and keep the body in good
organic conditions.)
Ancient India was as ancient as Chinas. Buddhas
INDIA prohibition of games, amusements, and exercises
did not totally prevent ancient India from
participating in several physical activities.
Favorite of the people: throwing balls, tumbling,
chariot races, riding elephants and horse,
swordsmanship, wrestling, boxing, and playing
dice and marbles
Yoga, was popular. Unique activity involving
exercises in posture, regulated breathing, to
discipline the mind and the body.
Dances were used for ceremonies and religious
observances.
Hindu dancing was considered the oldest of
organized dancing.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT IN
GREECE
Physical education was a vital part of the
education of every Greek boy.
Gymnastics and music were the two most
important subjects music for the soul and
gymnastics for the body.
Gymnastics was believed to contribute to courage,
discipline, and physical well-being.
Beauty of the physique was stressed and men and
boys participated in the nude, which motivated
development of the body beautiful.
Greek sport manifested itself in
the concept of the amateur
athlete,
whose primary goal is to
compete in a circuit major
national festivals
1. Pan-Hellenic Festivals-most
important event in the lives of
the Greeks ( one major
competition was held every year.)
2.The Olympia Festival was at Olympia
every four years in honor of Zeus.
Winners received wild olive leaves.
3.The Pythia Festival was held at
Delphi at the sacred site of Apollo,
the god of light and truth every four
years and laurel for the winners.
The athletes competed as
individuals not as a team, on a
fervently amateur basis. Women
were banned from the games.
Spartan Physical Education
All Spartan citizens had only one profession
serve the country as a soldier and to be
warriors.
The Spartan approach to physical training
(not physical education)
Only the strongest and the healthiest
babies are allowed to live in Sparta.
Unhealthy ones were taken to Mt. Taygetus
to die.
Popular physical activities were wrestling,
swimming, and horseback riding..
Physical Activities in Athens
Physical education and athletic
competitions was prominent feature of
Athenian education.
Sport was associated with philosophy,
music, literature, painting, and particularly
with sculpture.
An ideal Athenian education was to
achieve a proper balance in moral, mental,
physical, and aesthetic development.
Athenian @ 6 yrs old-schooling in the
palaestrae, (a building that provided
rooms for various physical activities and
for oiling and sanding the athletes body.
)
Many activities were accompanied with
music by a flute player. The PE teacher
taught various activities, understood
how certain exercises should be adopted
to various physical conditions, and knew
how to develop strength and endurance
Greek Philosophers &Teachers Who
Contributed to the Worth of PE
Plato believed : gymnastics and music, is physical
education and academics respectively.
Music educates the mind/soul; gymnastics educates the
body.
His argument in his Republic is that the mission of physical
education in the schools blends with movements.
Body MIND
Between the 9th and the 14th centuries, people needed
protection.
Chivalry emerged as a kind of education that was
physical, social, and military in nature. There were three
stages in the training for knighthood:
-as a Page from age 7 to 13
-being a Squire from age 14 to 17
Medieval tournament was the most famous of the war
games. It was between two mounted horsemen who
would charge each other with long, wooden lances to
knock the opponent from his horse.
Melee was an event in the tournament where groups of
opposing knights would engage in hand-to-hand combat with
dull swords.
Physical Education In The Renaissance Period
The Philippines was represented for the first time in the World Olympics. It was a two-man
delegation sent by the Philippine Amateur Athletic Federation in the 1924 VIIIth Olympiad in
Paris. David Nepomuceno, a Philippine scout competed in the 100 m. and 200 m. dash and
was eliminated in the trial heats. Dr. Regino R. Ylanan was the representative official and
coach.
1928 (Amsterdam) Teofilo Yldefonso, bronze, 200m backstroke
1932 (Los Angeles) Teofilo Yldefonso, bronze, 200m backstroke
Simeon Toribio, bronze, high jump
Jose Villanueva, bronze, boxing bantamweight
1964 (Tokyo) Anthony Villanueva, silver, boxing featherweight
1988 (Seoul) Leopoldo Serrantes, bronze, boxing flyweight
Arianne Cerdea, gold, bowling, demonstration sport
1992 (Barcelona) Roel Velasco, bronze, boxing lightweight
Bea Lucero and Stephen Fernandez, bronze medals, taekwondo, demonstration sport
1996 Atlanta) Mansueto Velasco, silver, boxing lightweight, bronze, 400m hurdles
MEDALS and HONORS
Efren Bata Reyes was dubbed as The magician when he became the 1985 Red
9-Ball Open champion for his ability to execute brilliant shots.
Eric Buhain bronze medalist in swimming in the 1990 Beijing Asian Games.
Eugene Torre became Asias first grandmaster at the age of 22.
Elma Muros was the only track athlete who won in different events in the
Southeast Asian Games. She was hailed as the Southeast Asian games heptathlon
queen in 1997.
Francisco Pancho Villa Guilledo was Asias first world champion in boxing and
dubbed as the greatest flyweight of the century.
Gabriel Flash Elorde was dubbed as the greatest Filipino boxer of all time.
Gerald Rosales was an Asian Games silver medalist and Southeast Asian Games
two-time champion in golf.
Jennifer Rosales was a five-time champion in golf in the ladies Amateur open
(1994-1998) before she turned professional.
Lydia de Vega was Asias fastest woman in the 1980s. She brought home the gold
medal twice in arrow in the Asian Games in the 100-meter dash and the silver
medal in the 200m run.
Manny Pacquiao won the International Boxing Federation super bantamweight
championship at the age of 23.
MikeeCojuangco-Jaworski is the accomplished equestrienne who bagged the
gold medal for the Individual Show jumping competition in the 2002 Asian
Games.
Paeng Nepomuceno is an all-time greatest international bowler with six world
championships to his credit; some considered him as the greatest Filipino
athlete of all time for making it to the Guiness Book of World Records.
Ramon Fernandez was the Philippine Basketball Associations first four-time
Most Valuable player and played in the league for a record of 20 seasons.
Robert Jaworski was one the Philippine Basketball Associations 25 greatest
players of all time. At his time of retirement, he was the oldest professional
basketball player in the world.
Toni Leviste was a delegate to the 2000 Sydney Olympics and part of the
Philippine Team that won silver medal in the 2002 Asian Games show jumping
competition.
Alvin Patrimonio was a four-time Philippine Basketball Association Most
valuable Player, two of which were won back-to-back in 1993 and 1994.
Bong Coo made her mark in the bowling world when she delivered nine
consecutive strikes in 1979. Carlos Loyzaga led the Philippine Team that won
bronze medal in the 1954 World Basketball Championship and four golds.
Dorothy Delasin is the Filipina who has become the youngest Ladies
Professional Golf Association Champion in the last 25 years .
THE ASIAN GAMES
The Asian Games are held for the purpose of
developing intercultural knowledge and friendship
within Asia. The member countries and regions
affiliated to the Olympic Council of Asia participate
in this multi-sports event. The Games are held every
four years in between the Olympic Games. This was
first conceived in 1950, and the first Asian Games
were held in New Delhi, India in 1951 with its motto
Ever Onward. The 2nd Asian Games was held in
Manila in 1954.
THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN GAMES
The South East Asian Games were known as the South East Asian
peninsular Games until 1975. When SEAP Games Federation accepted
Indonesia and the Philippines as members, the name was then
changed to South East Asian (SEA) Games. Its aim is to promote
cooperation, understanding and good relations among countries in the
region. It was all started since 1957 by Luang Sukhumnaipradit, the
then Vice President of the Thai Olympic Committee. His efforts
culminated in the first SEAP Games held in Thailand in 1959.
The intention of the SEA Games is to rotate the hosts alphabetically by
nation name which removes the politics of bidding for the games, and
allows the host countries ample time to plan for their turn at the
games. Manila has hosted the 1981, 1991, and 2005 SEA Games.
PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORT