Write in a piece of paper

Your expectation(s) toward the class

Your expectation(s) toward the teacher
Your goal(s) for the class
How can I improve myself?
What IS
Statistics?
 The science (and art) of making
sense out of data
-Parks, et all., 2007, p.477-

The studyIS
What of the collection,

Statistics?
analysis, interpretation,
presentation, and organization
of data
 a collection of facts, such as
numbers, words, measurements,
observations or even just
descriptions of things
The Process of Cooking
Types of Data
Example
What information can you get from
the picture?
 Information about the dog
Which are the qualitative information?

Which are the quantitative information?

What are the discreet information?
What are the continuous
information?
 Continuous
Discreet Can take any
Contains a descriptive Can only take certain values (within a
information (it values, i.e. whole range) or can be
describes something) numbers or should be
counted measured
Example:
Your friends favorite Example:
colors Number of students Example:
The most common given
names in your town
in the classroom Heights
Favorite food Number of Weights
Etc. costumers in the
shop Etc.

QUALITATIVE DATA QUANTITATIVE DATA

(numerical data)
How to Obtain All the Data?
Look again to the puppy picture!

OBSERVING
OBTAINING DATA

OBSERVATION SURVEY
 CENSUS OR SAMPLE
CENSUS SAMPLE

When we collect data When we collect data

from the whole member just from the SELECTED
of the group (data members of the group
gathered from the
population)
AfterOrganizing
understanding how
the to
Data
obtain the data, then whats
next?(Single Data)

Purpose? Finding the

maximum and
minimum values

Finding the spread

tendency of data
Lets re-ordering the data

Find the maximum and

minimum value:
5, 4, 7, 3, 6, 5, 8, 9, 6, 6

Re-order 43, 74, 56, 58 and 72

STEM AND LEAF PLOT
Express the following into stem and leaf plot!
25, 36, 49, 19, 48, 61, 37, 60, 31, 45, 26,
29, 35, 44, 54, 64, 23, 105, 47, 33, 38, 29
1 st 2nd
Express the following into stem and leaf plot!
42 50 55 73 34 76 46 57 76 64
37 56 60 59 55 64 45 77 43 85
62 71 67 80 68 65 74 86 58 67
BACK-TO-BACK STEM AND LEAF PLOT
Below is the math score for 7A and 7B t:
7A:
57, 62, 76, 80, 93, 87, 76, 86, 75, 60, 59,
86, 72, 80, 93, 79, 58, 86, 93, 81
7B:
68, 79, 75, 87, 92, 90, 83, 77, 95, 67, 84,
92, 85, 77, 66, 87, 92, 82, 90, 85

Express a back-to-back stem and leaf plot!

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ata/data.html&qs=1893_1894_1895_1896_3762_3763_3764
MEASURING THE CENTRAL DATA
 MEAN
The statistical name for arithmetic
average and can be found by dividing
the sum of the data by the number of
the data

Thats why usually we call it as

AVERAGE
 MEAN
How to find the mean of a data set?

Or

=


 EXAMPLE 1
The number of trucks using a road over a 13-
day period is:
4632783557664
For this data set, find the mean!

4+6+3+2+7+8+3+5+5+7+6+6+4
=
= .

So the mean of the truck using a road over a
13-day period is .
 EXAMPLE 2
The grades of 30 students in Math class
(score 62 = 100) is as followed:
55 50 50 40 48 48 62 55 50 55 48 40 48 50 50
45 48 60 62 60 48 48 50 42 40 42 44 38 38 38

Make the frequency table and find the mean!

 EXAMPLE 3
The average grade of 40 students in a Math
Class is 5.2. After a student does his
supplementary exam, the average becomes
5.25. What is the grade of supplemented
student?
 MEAN
The example above applied only in
UNGROUPED DATA

For the GROUPED DATA, we have:

= .
=

=

Where, = midpoint and =

 EXAMPLE 4
Find the average of the following data set!

Grades Frequency
1-50 4
51-100 7
101-150 10
151-200 16
201-250 30
251-300 13
 EXAMPLE 4
Grades Frequency (f) Midpoint (x) x.f
1-50 4 25.5 102
51-100 7 75.5 528.5
101-150 10 125.5 1225
151-200 16 175.5 2808
201-250 30 225.5 6765
251-300 13 275.5 3581.5
. =
TOTAL = 80 15040
 EXAMPLE 4
Grades Frequency (f) Midpoint (x) x.f
1-50 4 25.5 102
51-100 7 75.5 528.5
101-150 10 125.5 1225
151-200 16 175.5 2808
201-250 30 225.5 6765
251-300 13 275.5 3581.5
. =
TOTAL = 80 15040
 EXAMPLE 4

So, the mean is ?

 MEDIAN
The middle value of an ordered data
set.
Suppose 1 , 2 , 3 , , is a
collection of numbers in increasing
order.
If is odd, the median is the
+
number with the subscript

If is even, the median is one-half
of the sum of the two numbers

with subscripts and +

 EXAMPLE 1
The number of trucks using a road over a 13-
day period is:
4632783557664
For this data set, find the median!
 EXAMPLE 2
The number of trucks using a road over a 14 -
day period is:
46327835576643
For this data set, find the median!
MEDIAN vs. MEAN
Sometime, the used of Mean and or
Mean could be misleading

For example:
The grades of 10 students in the
Chemistry class are
50 45 50 30 40 40 50 100 100 100
If the passing grade is 60, can we use
the mean to say that the method is
effective? Why?
MEDIAN vs. MEAN
Another example:
Determine the median and mean salary at
the five-employee company, given:
a. $48,000 $48,000 $48,000 $48,000 $48,000
b. $30,000 $30,000 $30,000 $30,000
$120,000

Which could describe the salary of the

employee better?
The most frequently/the
most often occurring
value in the data set

Just like median,

It should be ordered first!
 EXAMPLE 1
The number of trucks using a road over a 13 -
day period is:
4632783557664
For this data set, find the mode!
 EXAMPLE 2
The number of trucks using a road over a 13 -
day period is:
4632783557667
For this data set, find the mode!

Bimodal data it has two modes

 EXAMPLE 2
The number of trucks using a road over a 9 -
day period is:
123456789
For this data set, find the mode!

Multimodal data it has more than two

modes
When to use mode
instead of mean and
median?

When data is categorical

data/discreet
 EXAMPLE 3
A T-shirt company sells shirt in a variety of
sizes. A sales report shows that more large T-
shirts are sold than any other size. If the
manager keeps a record of the total number
of T-shirt sold in each size, which of the
following measures would represent large T-
shirt sales?
a. Mean
b. Median
c. Modus
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052
MEASURING THE SPREAD OF
DATA
 RANGE
The difference between the maximum or the largest and the
minimum or the smallest data values
 RANGE
Sometimes the range can be misleading
PERCEN DE
TILES CILES
Percentiles

In Order
The data needs to be in order!
To calculate percentiles of height the data needs to be in height order
(sorted by height).
To calculate percentiles of age the data needs to be in age order.
And so on.
Percentiles
Deciles
Deciles
Another Example of Percentiles
A total of 10,000 people visited the Supermall Karawaci over 12 hours:
a. Estimate the 30th percentiles (when 30% of
the visitors had arrived)
b. Estimate at what percentiles of visitors had
arrived after 11 hours!
Another Example of Percentiles
Another
Example
a. The 30th
percentiles occurs
when the visits
reach 3,000. So,

The 30th percentiles

occurs in the middle of
6 and 7 hours of
operation (Or let say
6.5 hours after the
mall was open
Another
Example
b. What is the
percentile of visits
after 11 hours?

After 11 hours the

percentile reaches
95%
REPRESENTING THE DATA
TALLY CHART
FEQUENCY DISTRIBUTION
DOT PLOT
EXAMPLE (MAKE THE TABLE FREQ & DOT
PLOT)
5 6 7 5 3 5 6 7 5 4 7
6 6 3 8 6 7 5 4 6 5 6
7 5 8 9 4 6 9 6 6 7 6
8 4 5 4 6 8 3 5 8 6 3
STEM and LEAF TABLE

71 69 75 72 67 55 60 66 66 72
80 50 67 63 71 68 67 78 76 64
62 73 74 79 61 73 55 67 62 53
65 59 57 66 77 62 63 71 58 68
76 66 68 58 68 82 72 56 84 73
STEM and LEAF PLOT

71 69 75 72 67 55 60 66 66 72
80 50 67 63 71 68 67 78 76 64
62 73 74 79 61 73 55 67 62 53
65 59 57 66 77 62 63 71 58 68
76 66 68 58 68 82 72 56 84 73
 STEM and LEAF PLOT

The Mathematics Quiz Score on

Class 7A:
57, 62, 76, 80, 93, 87, 76, 86, 75, 60, 59, 86, 72, 80, 93, 79,
58, 86, 93, 81
Class 7B:
68, 79, 75, 87, 92, 90, 83, 77, 95, 67, 84, 92, 85, 77, 66, 87,
92, 82, 90, 85
Line Graphs
PIE CHART
BAR GRAPHS
BAR GRAPHS
Example
The Table shows the population
of all provinces in Java on 2002. Area Number of
Represent the data into the line Population
graph, pie chart, and bar graph! DKI Jakarta 2.000.000
Jawa Barat 10.000.000
Jawa Tengah 8.000.000
DI Yogyakarta 1.000.000
Jawa Timur 10.000.000
HISTOGRAM

BAR GRAPH HISTOGRAM

WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
HISTOGRAM & BAR GRAPH?
Histogram is only used THERE IS
for a continuous data GAP

set.

Bar graph is used for NO GAP!

the categorical data

 HOW TO MAKE A HISTOGRAM?

71 69 75 72 67 55 60 66 66 72
80 50 67 63 71 68 67 78 76 64
62 73 74 79 61 73 55 67 62 53
65 59 57 66 77 62 63 71 58 68
76 66 68 58 68 82 72 56 84 73

Make the histogram with the

interval of 5!
BOX-AND-WHISKER PLOT
5 8 9 4 6 9 6 6 7 68 4 5 4 6 8
3 5 8 6 3

Make the box-and-whisker plot!

PICTOGRAMS